Table 9.

Glucose homeostasis‐related variables

Variable	Group	Baseline	24 weeks		p‐level
Glucose (mmol L−1)	MC	4.66 ± 0.41	4.93 ± 0.45	Diet	<0.001
	LC	5.25 ± 0.50	5.24 ± 0.53	Genotype	0.57
	A	4.91 ± 0.57	5.10 ± 0.51	G × D	0.52
	NA	5.04 ± 0.51	5.08 ± 0.54	T × D	0.15
	A‐MC	4.61 ± 0.45	4.97 ± 0.47	T × G	0.48
	NA‐MC	4.76 ± 0.32	4.83 ± 0.41	T × G × D	0.24
	A‐LC	5.34 ± 0.45	5.29 ± 0.52	Time	0.18
	NA‐LC	5.18 ± 0.53	5.21 ± 0.56
	Mean	4.97 ± 0.54	5.09 ± 0.52
Insulin (microIU mL−1)	MC	12.22 ± 7.56	14.35 ± 5.30	Diet	0.93
	LC	13.67 ± 6.99	15.09 ± 5.50	Genotype	0.03
	A	11.18 ± 6.30	13.35 ± 4.81	G × D	0.45
	NA	15.08 ± 7.81	16.36 ± 5.63	T × D	0.53
	A‐MC	10.71 ± 7.24	12.74 ± 4.63	T × G	0.52
	NA‐MC	15.24 ± 7.64	17.59 ± 5.28	T × G × D	0.35
	A‐LC	11.86 ± 4.82	14.22 ± 5.10	Time	0.001
	NA‐LC	15.00 ± 8.10	15.72 ± 5.83
	Mean	12.98 ± 7.24	14.74* ± 5.38
HOMA‐IR	MC	2.52 ± 1.53	3.09 ± 1.02	Diet	0.27
	LC	3.24 ± 1.77	3.56 ± 1.43	Genotype	0.04
	A	2.44 ± 1.34	3.04 ± 1.20	G × D	0.50
	NA	3.43 ± 1.91	3.69 ± 1.27	T × D	0.45
	A‐MC	2.18 ± 1.44	2.78 ± 0.94	T × G	0.31
	NA‐MC	3.20 ± 1.53	3.72 ± 0.92	T × G × D	0.49
	A‐LC	2.82 ± 1.13	3.41 ± 1.46	Time	0.001
	NA‐LC	3.55 ± 2.10	3.67 ± 1.44
	Mean	2.90 ± 1.69	3.34* ± 1.27

^* Different from baseline (p < 0.05).

Data presented as mean ± standard deviations. The p‐levels are from univariate analysis. A, diet aligned to genotype (n = 34); D, diet effect; G, genotype match to diet effect; G × D, genotype match to diet × diet effect; LC, low carbohydrate diet (n = 33); MC, moderate carbohydrate diet (n = 30); NA, diet not aligned to genotype (n = 29), A‐MC (n = 20), NA‐MC (n = 10), A‐LC (n = 14), NA‐LC (n = 19); T, time effect; T × D, time × diet effect; T × G, time × genotype match to diet effect; T × G × D, time × diet × genotype match to diet effect.