. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Health Promot. 2017 Nov 9;32(6):1431–1437. doi: 10.1177/0890117117736957

Table 2.

Prevalence of daily sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption categories, by SSB screener type and demographic factors—SummerStyles Survey, 2014

Characteristics	All respondents % ± SE	Categories of daily SSB intake						Weighted Kappa^d
		4-question screener^a % ± SE^c			1-question screener^b % ± SE^c

		0 times/day	>0 to <1 time/day	≥1 times/day	0 times/day	>0 to <1 time/day	≥1 times/day
Total (n=4,167)	-	16.0 ± 0.6	15.6 ± 0.7	68.4 ± 0.8	38.5 ± 0.9	42.5 ± 0.9	18.9 ± 0.7	0.27
Age (n=4,167)^{e, f}
18–24 years	12.4 ± 0.8	6.7 ± 1.6	16.6 ± 2.5	76.6 ± 2.8	25.3 ± 2.8	52.1 ± 3.3	22.6 ± 2.8	0.19
25–44 years	34.2 ± 0.9	13.2 ± 1.2	13.4 ± 1.2	73.4 ± 1.5	31.4 ± 1.6	45.9 ± 1.7	22.7 ± 1.5	0.27
45–64 years	35.0 ± 0.8	16.4 ± 1.0	16.3 ± 1.0	67.4 ± 1.2	41.2 ± 1.3	40.6 ± 1.3	18.2 ± 1.1	0.26
≥65 years	18.4 ± 0.6	26.9 ± 1.6	17.7 ± 1.4	55.4 ± 1.8	55.5 ± 1.8	33.5 ± 1.8	11.1 ± 1.1	0.28
Sex (n=4,167)^{e, f}
Male	47.9 ± 0.9	14.5 ± 0.9	14.1 ± 0.9	71.4 ± 1.2	35.5 ± 1.3	43.6 ± 1.3	20.9 ± 1.1	0.27
Female	52.1 ± 0.9	17.4 ± 0.9	16.9 ± 0.9	65.6 ± 1.2	41.3 ± 1.3	41.5 ± 1.3	17.1 ± 1.0	0.27
Race/ethnicity (n=4,167)^{e, f}
Non-Hispanic white	66.4 ± 0.9	18.4 ± 0.8	17.8 ± 0.8	63.8 ± 1.0	41.6 ± 1.0	41.2 ± 1.0	17.2 ± 0.8	0.30
Non-Hispanic black	11.5 ± 0.6	11.1 ± 1.8	11.1 ± 1.8	77.8 ± 2.4	33.8 ± 2.7	40.6 ± 2.8	25.6 ± 2.7	0.23
Hispanic	14.7 ± 0.8	8.9 ± 1.5	10.7 ± 1.7	80.3 ± 2.2	27.5 ± 2.5	49.4 ± 2.9	23.1 ± 2.5	0.18
Non-Hispanic other	7.4 ± 0.6	16.5 ± 3.1	12.3 ± 2.9	71.2 ± 3.8	40.2 ± 4.2	44.0 ± 4.2	15.7 ± 2.8	0.21
Marital Status (n=4,167)^f
Married/domestic partnership	61.1 ± 0.9	16.9 ± 0.8	15.9 ± 0.8	67.2 ± 1.0	40.1 ± 1.1	42.7 ± 1.1	17.2 ± 0.9	0.27
Not married	38.9 ± 0.9	14.6 ± 1.1	15.1 ± 1.1	70.3 ± 1.4	36.0 ± 1.5	42.2 ± 1.6	21.8 ± 1.3	0.27
Education (n=4,167)^{e, f}
≤High school	41.9 ± 0.9	14.1 ± 1.0	12.5 ± 1.0	73.3 ± 1.3	36.2 ± 1.4	39.4 ± 1.5	24.3 ± 1.3	0.27
Some college	28.9 ± 0.8	15.0 ± 1.1	17.6 ± 1.3	67.4 ± 1.5	37.4 ± 1.6	44.9 ± 1.7	17.7 ± 1.3	0.26
≥Bachelors	29.2 ± 0.8	19.7 ± 1.2	18.0 ± 1.2	62.2 ± 1.5	42.9 ± 1.6	44.6 ± 1.6	12.5 ± 1.1	0.27
Annual household income (n=4,167)^{e, f}
≤$34,999	27.5 ± 0.8	15.0 ± 1.3	13.7 ± 1.2	71.3 ± 1.6	37.0 ± 1.7	38.1 ± 1.7	24.9 ± 1.6	0.28
$35,000–$74,999	32.4 ± 0.9	14.9 ± 1.1	15.1 ± 1.1	70.0 ± 1.4	35.1 ± 1.5	42.8 ± 1.6	22.0 ± 1.4	0.29
$75,000–$99,999	15.7 ± 0.7	15.6 ± 1.6	16.9 ± 1.7	67.5 ± 2.2	40.5 ± 2.3	45.1 ± 2.4	14.4 ± 1.8	0.24
≥$100,000	24.4 ± 0.8	18.9 ± 1.3	17.6 ± 1.4	63.5 ± 1.8	43.5 ± 1.8	45.4 ± 1.9	11.1 ± 1.2	0.26
Weight status (n=4,029)^{g, f}
Under/normal weight	38.3 ± 0.9	14.6 ± 1.0	16.7 ± 1.2	68.7 ± 1.5	39.1 ± 1.5	44.6 ± 1.6	16.3 ± 1.2	0.24
Overweight	31.2 ± 0.9	15.1 ± 1.1	14.6 ± 1.1	70.3 ± 1.4	37.6 ± 1.6	43.9 ± 1.6	18.5 ± 1.3	0.26
With obesity	30.5 ± 0.9	18.0 ± 1.2	14.9 ± 1.1	67.1 ± 1.5	36.9 ± 1.6	40.2 ± 1.6	22.9 ± 1.4	0.33

Composite consumption based on screener with four questions, which ask about consumption of each SSB type separately: soda, sweetened coffee/tea, sports/energy drinks, fruit drinks.

One question screener which asked about the combined consumption of beverage types: soda, fruit drinks, sports/energy drinks, and other SSBs.

Standard error.

Weighted kappa statistic to determine strength of agreement between the two SSB screeners.

Using the 4-question screener, frequency of daily SSB intake differed significantly across categories of this demographic factor (Rao-Scott chi-square p-value <0.05).

Using the 1-question screener, frequency of daily SSB intake differed significantly across categories of this demographic factor (Rao-Scott chi-square p-value <0.05).

Weight status was based on body mass index: <25.0 is normal or underweight, 25.0 to 29.9 is overweight, and ≥30.0 has obesity.