Table 2.
Associations Between Care Seeking and Demographics, Negative Symptom Categories, Symptom Severity, and Engagement with Health Care
| na | % Of total population | % Who sought care | p-Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | ||||
| Sought care | ||||
| Yes | 189 | 14.8 | 100 | — |
| No | 1084 | 85.2 | 0 | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Binds every day | ||||
| Yes | 728 | 57.2 | 19.0 | 0.00 |
| No | 545 | 42.8 | 9.4 | |
| Intersex | ||||
| Yes | 16 | 1.3 | 18.8 | 0.720 |
| No | 1257 | 98.7 | 14.8 | |
| Transgender | ||||
| Yes | 1055 | 82.9 | 15.4 | 0.262 |
| No | 218 | 17.1 | 12.4 | |
| Male or masculine | ||||
| Yes | 900 | 70.7 | 15.9 | 0.104 |
| No | 373 | 29.3 | 12.3 | |
| Genderqueer/bigender | ||||
| Yes | 422 | 33.2 | 14.0 | 0.541 |
| No | 851 | 66.8 | 15.3 | |
| Agender | ||||
| Yes | 288 | 22.6 | 11.1 | 0.043 |
| No | 985 | 77.4 | 15.9 | |
| Feminine | ||||
| Yes | 116 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 0.024 |
| No | 1157 | 90.9 | 15.6 | |
| Masculine feminine | ||||
| Yes | 69 | 5.4 | 14.5 | 0.932 |
| No | 1204 | 94.6 | 14.9 | |
| Gender not listed above | ||||
| Yes | 6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.600 |
| No | 1267 | 99.5 | 14.9 | |
| Negative symptom categories | ||||
| Any symptom | ||||
| Yes | 1132 | 88.9 | 16.3 | 0.000 |
| No | 141 | 11.1 | 2.8 | |
| Pain category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 952 | 74.8 | 18.5 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 321 | 25.2 | 4.0 | |
| Musculoskeletal category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 617 | 48.5 | 23.3 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 656 | 51.5 | 6.9 | |
| Neurological category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 530 | 41.6 | 22.6 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 743 | 58.4 | 9.3 | |
| Gastrointestinal category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 236 | 18.5 | 25.4 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 1037 | 81.5 | 12.4 | |
| General category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 813 | 63.9 | 18.6 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 460 | 36.1 | 8.3 | |
| Respiratory category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 658 | 51.7 | 19.2 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 615 | 48.3 | 10.2 | |
| Skin/tissue category | ||||
| ≥1 Symptom | 989 | 77.7 | 17.0 | 0.000 |
| No symptoms | 284 | 22.3 | 7.4 | |
| Symptom severity | ||||
| Reported pain ≥7 in neck, chest, back, shoulder, or ribs/chest pain | ||||
| Yes | 498 | 39.1 | 24.9 | 0.000 |
| No | 775 | 60.9 | 8.4 | |
| Binding limits daily activities | ||||
| Yes | 268 | 21.0 | 29.5 | 0.000 |
| No | 1005 | 79.0 | 11.0 | |
| Engagement with health care | ||||
| Thinks binding is important to discuss with their HCP | ||||
| Yes | 1048 | 82.3 | 16.8 | 0.000 |
| No | 225 | 17.7 | 5.8 | |
| Feels safe and comfortable initiating a conversation with their HCP about binding | ||||
| Yes | 668 | 56.3 | 19.9 | 0.000 |
| No | 518 | 43.7 | 10.0 | |
| Feels comfortable with their HCP conducting a chest examination | ||||
| Yes | 523 | 46.8 | 15.1 | 0.226 |
| No | 595 | 53.2 | 12.6 | |
| Overall | Sought care | Did not seek care | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD) | 25.6 (7.5) | 27.3 (7.2) | 25.3 (7.5) | 0.001 |
| n=1273 | n=189 | n=1084 | ||
| Mean lifetime | 135.9 (108.0) | 187.8 (108.3) | 126.8 (105.4) | 0.000 |
| weeks of binding | n=189 | n=1084 | ||
| n=1273 | ||||
| Mean concernc | 2.9 (1.3) | 3.7 (1.1) | 2.8 (1.2) | 0.000 |
| n = 1264 | n=189 | n=1075 | ||
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
Total n varies by row, as only study participants with available data for each variable are presented.
b
p-Values for categorical values were calculated with a χ2 test or a two-sided Fisher's exact test if the expected cell count was ≤5. Comparisons for continuous variables were performed with t-tests based on variances and used Satterthwaite's method when variances were unequal.
c
Ranked on a scale from 1 (not concerned) to 5 (extremely concerned).
SD, standard deviation.