TABLE 7.

Protozoa produce PAMPs and DAMPs during infection that activate inflammasomes and other sensors

Protozoan	Inflammasome sensor(s) [activator(s)] [reference(s)]
Entamoeba histolytica	NLRP3 (ATP release by P2X7R, K+ efflux) (340, 341)
Leishmania spp., including L. major, L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, and L. infantum chagasi	NLRP3 (K+ efflux, cathepsin B) (310–313)
Leishmania infantum	NLRP3 (unknown activator) (459)
Plasmodium spp., including P. falciparum and P. berghei	NLRP3 (hemozoin, ROS, K+ efflux, lysosome rupture) (297–301, 303), AIM2 (plasmodial DNA) (303), NLRP12 (unknown activator) (304)
Toxoplasma gondii	NLRP1 (unknown activator) (320, 324, 325), NLRP3 (unknown activator) (323, 460)
Tritrichomonas musculis	ASC-dependent inflammasome (unknown activator) (461)
Trypanosoma cruzi	NLRP3 (K+ efflux, ROS, cathepsin B, lysosomal rupture) (337, 338)