Table 1. Characteristics of studies analysed in IPDMA (19 studies, 27 comparisons).
| Study | Target group/Screener | Setting/Recruitment | Intervention | Mode of delivery | N | Control | Timing of FPTA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Araki et al. 2006 / JP [42] | Males >20 g ethanol/day, abnormal serum γ-GT | Workplace | Alcohol psychoeducation—MSG | 24 | Waitlist | 2 months | |
| Bertholet et al. 2015 / CH [43] | Males age 21, AUDIT score >8 or >140 g ethanol/week; ≥60 g/occasion | General population cohort, army conscription centres | PNF extended—SSU | Internet | 737 | Assessment-only | 1 month |
| Bischof et al. 2008 / DE [44] | AUDIT >5, LAST ≥2 | General practices | a) TTM/BCC/MI: SC: digital + brief phone feedback—MSG | Digital + phone | 408 | Health behaviour booklet | 12 months |
| b) TTM/BCC/MI: Full: digital + longer phone feedback—MSG | |||||||
| Blankers et al. 2011 / NL [45] | AUDIT >8 and >140 g ethanol/week | Community and SATC | a) CBT/MI—MSU | Internet | 205 | Waitlist | 3 months |
| b) CBT/MI—MSG | |||||||
| Boon et al. 2011 / NL [46] | Males >200 g ethanol/week and/or >50 g ethanol on ≥1 day/week | Community | PNF—SSU | Internet | 450 | Alcohol leaflet | 1 month |
| Boß et al. (2017) / DE [47] | F/M AUDIT score >6/8 and F/M >140/210 g ethanol/week | Community | a) PNF/MI/BA—MSG | Internet | 432 | Waitlist | 1.5 months |
| b) PNF/MI/BA—MSU | |||||||
| Brendryen et al. 2014 / NO [48] | FAST ≥3 | Community | PNF/BSC/CBT—MSU | Internet | 244 | PNF/SSU/e-booklet | 2 months |
| Brendryen et al. 2017 / NO [20] | FAST ≥3 | Workplace | PNF/ /BSC/CBT—MSU | Internet | 85 | PNF/SSU/e-booklet | 2 months |
| Cunningham et al. 2009 / CA [49] | AUDIT-C ≥4 | Community | PNF—SSU | Internet | 72 | Alcohol leaflet | 3 months |
| Hansen et al. 2012 / DK [50] | F/M >140/210 g ethanol/week | Community | PNF—SSUPBA—SSU | Internet | 761 | Assessment-only | 6 months |
| Hester et al. 2005 / US [51] | AUDIT ≥8 | Community | PNF/BSC/MI—SSU | CD-ROM; healthcare setting | 61 | Waitlist | 1 month |
| Khadjesari et al. 2014 / UK [52] | AUDIT-C ≥5 | Workplace | PNF/SC—SSU | Internet | 1,330 | Assessment-only | 3 months |
| Postel et al. 2010 / NL [53] | F/M ≥150/220 g ethanol/week with upper limit of F/M <670/990 g | Community and SATC | CBT/MI—MSG | Internet | 156 | Waitlist | 3 months |
| Riper et al. 2008 / NL [54] | F/M >140/210 g ethanol/week or F/M ≥40/60 g ethanol/≥1 day in past 3 months | Community | CBT/BSC/MI—MSU | Internet | 261 | e-Alcohol leaflet | 6 months |
| Schulz et al. 2013 / DE [55] | AUDIT >71 or F/M >10/20 g ethanol/day or drinking >5 days/week | Community | Alternating versus summative PNF—MSU | Internet | 498 | Assessment-only | 6 months |
| Sinadinovic et al. 2014 / SE [56] | F/M AUDIT ≥6/8 | Community | PNF/CBT/MI—MSU | Internet | 633 | Assessment-only | 3 months |
| PNF/CBT/MI—SSU | |||||||
| Suffoletto et al. 2012 / US [57] | F/M AUDIT-C ≥3/4 in past 3 months | Emergency department | PNF—MSU with monitoring only PNF—MSU | SMS | 45 | Assessment-only | 3 months |
| Sundström et al. 2016 / SE [58] | F/M AUDIT ≥6/8 | Community/web | a) CBT/BSC/MI—MSG asynchronous | Internet | 80 | Web-based unguided self-help | 2.5 months |
| b) CBT/BSC/MI—MSG synchronous | |||||||
| Wallace et al. 2011 / UK [59] | AUDIT-C ≥5 | Community/web | CBT/BSC/MI—MSU | Internet | 1,2812 | Unguided noninteractive web psychoeducation | 3 months |
1Only participants scoring ≥8 on AUDIT were included in IPDMA.
2Main trial.
Abbreviations: γ-GT, gamma-glutamyltransferase; AA, alcohol abuse; AD, alcohol dependence; AR, at-risk drinking; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption; BA, behavioural activation; BCC, behavioural change counselling; BSC, behavioural self-control training; CA, Canada; CBT, cognitive-behavioural therapy; CD-ROM, Compact Disc, read-only-memory; CH, Switzerland; DE, Germany; DK, Denmark; FAST, Fast Alcohol Screening Test (≥3 indicates problem drinking); F/M, female/male; FPTA, first posttreatment assessment; G, human-guided; HDE, heavy drinking episode; IPDMA, individual patient data meta-analysis; JP, Japan; LAST, Luebeck Alcohol Dependence and Abuse Screening Test; M-CIDI, Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview; MI, motivational interviewing; MSG, multiple-session guided; MSU, multiple-session unguided; NL, Netherlands; NO, Norway; PBA, personalised brief advice intervention; PNF, personalised normative feedback; SATC, substance abuse treatment centre; SC, stepped care; SE, Sweden; SMS, Short Message Service; SSU, single-session unguided; TTM, Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change; UK, United Kingdom; US, United States; web, world wide web.