Table 2. The effect of gut microbiota disruption on pulmonary bacterial clearance in wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice after pneumococcal infection.

	Time post-infection (hours)
	6	12
Bacterial load of wild-type mice, CFU
Gut microbiota-undisrupted	2.70 × 104 ± 1.99 × 104	7.89 × 102 ±4.10 × 102
Gut microbiota-disrupted	1.21 × 105 ±4.26 × 104	6.27 × 103 ±3.78 × 103
Fold change of bacterial load	3.48	6.95
Bacterial load of TLR4-deficient mice, CFU
Gut microbiota-undisrupted	2.07 × 105 ±8.91 × 104	1.36 × 104 ±7.90 × 103
Gut microbiota-disrupted	2.93 × 105 ±1.10 × 105	1.43 × 104 ±8.45 × 103
Fold change of bacterial load	0.42	0.05

Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 6 per group). Bacterial load of wild-type and TLR4-deficient mice after pneumococcal infection were determined according to Figs 1B and 5B respectively, and the fold change in bacterial load between gut microbiota-disrupted mice and their undisrupted controls was calculated by the following formula:

$$\text{Fold}\text{change}\text{of}\text{bacterial}\text{load}=\left({\text{Mean}}_{\text{disrupted}}-{\text{Mean}}_{\text{undisrupted}}\right)/{\text{Mean}}_{\text{undisrupted}}$$

Mean_disrupted, Mean bacterial load of disrupted mice; Mean_undisrupted, Mean bacterial load of undisrupted mice; Fold change of bacterial load, fold change of bacterial load between gut microbiota-disrupted mice and their undisrupted controls; CFU, colony-forming units.