Table 2.

Means, standard deviations (SD), and p-values comparing ventilatory, cardiac and acclimation values, as well as saliva and water swallows at the three different elevations are shown in this table. Resting respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), peripheral O₂ saturation (SpO₂), end tidal CO₂ pressure (P_ETCO₂), instantaneous minute ventilation ($\dot{\mathrm{V}}$_I), and steady-state chemoreflex drive (SS-CD) are recorded. Submental (swallow) duration, swallow apnea duration, pre-swallow apnea and post-swallow apnea (Figure 2) are recorded in both saliva and water conditions. Figure 3 displays swallow data by participant.

	Calgary (1,045m)			Namche (3,440m)			Pheriche (4,371m)			p-values
	Mean	±	SD	Mean	±	SD	Mean	±	SD
Resting RR (min−1)	14.0	±	6.0	15.2	±	3.9	15.5	±	5.2	0.42
Resting Heart Rate	81.6	±	9.5	97.8	±	7.9 ***	93.5	±	5.8 **	0.004
MAP (mm Hg)	90.4	±	8.4	96.0	±	6.5 **	99.1	±	9.2 ***	0.004
SpO2 (%)	96.2	±	1.0	88.1	±	2.3 ***	83.3	±	5.3 ***††	<0.001
PETCO2 (Torr)	31.1	±	4.2	25.9	±	2.7 **	21.3	±	2.3 ***†††	0.001
${\dot{V}}_I$ (L/min)	11.9	±	2.7	14.2	±	2.6	14.7	±	3.8	0.07
SS-CD (VI/SI)	36.8	±	8.5	49.3	±	12.7 *	58.7	±	19.5 **†	0.02
Saliva Swallow Data
Submental Duration (ms)	1480	±	804	1070	±	490	1015	±	457	0.35
Swallow Apnea Duration (ms)	1088	±	433	1121	±	253	1010	±	374	0.77
Pre-Swallow Apnea (ms)	−296	±	220	−183	±	113	−141	±	265	0.45
Post-Swallow Apnea (ms)	−99	±	363	233	±	385	174	±	101	0.30
Water Swallow Data
Submental Duration (ms)	1170	±	539	1038	±	218	710	±	227 *†††	0.07
Swallow Apnea Duration (ms)	973	±	398	1030	±	165	946	±	285	0.60
Pre-Swallow Apnea (ms)	−256	±	236	−115	±	99	−5	±	126 *	0.06
Post-Swallow Apnea (ms)	56	±	109	111	±	171	241	±	218 **†	0.02

Reported p-values are for repeated measures oneway ANOVA and significant values are bolded

^*Significant difference from Calgary *p≤0.06,

^**p<0.05

^***p<0.01

^†Significant difference between Namche and Pheriche ^† p≤0.06

^††p<0.05

^†††p<0.01