Table 2.
HRs for the association between HbA1c response and risk of side effects (models 1–3)
| Side effect | Model 1: JMcv | Model 2: JMcum | Model 3: LOCF |
|---|---|---|---|
| MFN | |||
| GI | 0.82 (0.67, 1.01), P=0.06 | 0.90 (0.81, 1.00), P=0.06 | 0.85 (0.74, 0.96), P=0.01 |
| Hypoglycemia | 1.01 (0.63, 1.62), P=0.96 | 1.22 (0.93, 1.60), P=0.15 | 1.19 (0.88, 1.60), P=0.25 |
| Edema | 1.16 (0.70, 1.92), P=0.58 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.36), P=0.42 | 1.07 (0.74, 1.56), P=0.71 |
| Fracture | 0.83 (0.48, 1.44), P=0.51 | 1.00 (0.78, 1.27), P=0.98 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.39), P=0.92 |
| SU | |||
| GI | 0.88 (0.69, 1.11), P=0.28 | 1.03 (0.92, 1.17), P=0.58 | 0.90 (0.77, 1.05), P=0.19 |
| Hypoglycemia | 1.41 (1.04, 1.91), P=0.03 | 1.09 (0.93, 1.29), P=0.28 | 1.41 (1.12, 1.77), P=0.003 |
| Edema | 1.31 (0.85, 2.02), P=0.23 | 1.09 (0.87, 1.36), P=0.45 | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13), P=0.28 |
| Fracture | 1.16 (0.70, 1.92), P=0.58 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.36), P=0.42 | 1.00 (0.64, 1.58), P=0.68 |
| TZD | |||
| GI | 1.21 (0.94, 1.55), P=0.13 | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18), P=0.44 | 1.04 (0.87, 1.26), P=0.65 |
| Hypoglycemia | 1.98 (1.25, 3.15), P=0.004 | 1.37 (1.11, 1.7), P=0.003 | 1.44 (0.98, 2.12), P=0.07 |
| Edema | 1.45 (1.05, 2.01), P=0.03 | 1.22 (1.07, 1.38), P=0.003 | 1.01 (0.80, 1.27), P=0.94 |
| Fracture | 1.10 (0.72, 1.68), P=0.65 | 1.09 (0.93, 1.29), P=0.28 | 1.05 (0.72, 1.52), P=0.81 |
Notes: HRs (95% CI) represent the increase in risk of a side effect for a 1% greater absolute HbA1c response. A HR of greater than 1 indicates an increased risk of a side effect with greater HbA1c response.
Abbreviations: GI, gastrointestinal; JMcum, joint model cumulative HbA1c; JMcv, joint model current value; LOCF, last observation carried forward; MFN, metformin; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione.