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. 2018 Dec 18;8:17929. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36322-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Lipofuscin-mediated oxidation of proteins in a model system and in ARPE-19 cells. Evolution of COH fluorescence in model system (A) containing albumin and lipofuscin from younger (LF_18–29 y.o) or older (LF_50–59 y.o), after irradiation with blue light for 30 min or kept in dark. COH fluorescence for: irradiated samples LF_18–29_hv (open squares), LF_50–59_hv (open circles) or non-irradiated samples LF_18–29_dark (solid squares), LF_50–59_dark (solid circles). Slopes and the maximum levels of the detected COH fluorescence differed significantly between irradiated lipofuscin granules versus non-irradiated (Graph Pad Prism 5 slope analysis, P < 0.0001). (B,C) Evolution of COH fluorescence in ARPE-19 cells lysates after feeding the cells with LF_18–29 y.o. or LF_50–59 y.o. granules and irradiating with blue light for 2hrs. COH fluorescence for: control, irradiated cells (open triangles), LF_18–29_hv (open squares), LF_50–59_hv (open circles) or non-irradiated control cells dark (solid triangles), LF_18–29_dark (solid squares), LF_50–59_dark (solid circles). Slopes and the maximum levels of the detected COH fluorescence differed significantly between irradiated lipofuscin granules versus non-irradiated (Graph Pad Prism 5 slope analysis, P < 0.0001).