Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Dec 19;8:17967. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36272-9

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Dissipated energy in the stretch cycle is correlated with a baseline shift in traction forces. (a,b) Shift in baseline traction forces throughout the entire stretch and release process, $F_{f} - F_{0}$ , normalized by the initial baseline, F₀, for control (a) and vinculin KO (b) cells. Each data point represents a single cell and the colored region spans the mean +/− standard deviation. Low Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) values suggest no relation between baseline shift and the change in cell length, $Δ x .$ (c,d) Force-displacement diagram for control (c) and vinculin KO (d) cells, showing total traction force of each individual cell throughout the cycle of stretch and release. Cells are arranged from left to right based on the area inside this curve, which is the dissipated mechanical energy. Scale bar shows the scale of $Δ x,$ change in cell length. Green dots indicate each cell’s initial traction force/zero displacement point. (e) Dissipated energy, W, for each cell as a function of cell length change. For control cells (red), a moderate r value and a positive fit slope (m) suggest a linear correlation. For vinculin KO cells (blue), a low r and small m, suggest a lack of correlation. (f) The dissipated energy per unit length, $\frac{W}{Δ x},$ across control (red) and vinculin KO (blue) cells, for the full population (left) and for cells with $Δ x .$ >3 µm (right). Each data point represents a single cell while the box and whisker plots summarize the population. The middle line represents the median of the population, while the box top and bottom represent the 1^st and 3^rd quartile, respectively. p-values were calculated by Welch’s t-test. Means from left to right: 0.037, 0.014, 0.059, 0.011 µN. (g) Relationship between dissipation per unit length, $\frac{W}{Δ x},$ and baseline traction force shift, $F_{f} - F_{0}$ . Moderate to high negative r values suggest a strong anti-correlation. (h) The relationship between the dissipation per unit length, $\frac{W}{Δ x},$ and active climb in force after un-stretch, $F_{f} - F_{u n}$ . Very low r values suggest a lack of relation. (g,h) Each data point represents a single cell. The axes of the ellipses are the eigenvectors of the covariance matrix between x and y coordinates. The widths of the ellipses are the square root of the variances along these vectors, showing the variation in the populations.