Table 4.

Effect of training on outcome scales

		BFRT Group			Control Group
Study	Outcome Scale	Pre-training	Post-training	P	Pre-training	Post-training	P	Between-Group Comparison, P
Tennent et al43 Knee arthroscopy	KOOS
	Pain	52.8	75.0	0.0001	69.4	77.8	0.04	NS
	Symptoms	47.1	76.8	0.003	67.9	71.4	NS	NS
	ADL	58.1	88.2	0.0009	73.5	75.0	NS	NS
	QOL	31.3	59.3	0.003	43.8	62.5	NS	NS
	Sport	10.0	47.5	0.0009	35.0	70.0	0.04	NS
	VR-12
	PCS	0.86	46.3	0.001	36.5	47.7	0.04	NS
	MCS	51.20	60.2	0.04	57.6	56.2	NS	0.01
Segal et al37 Knee osteoarthritis, males	KOOS
	Pain	~83	~86	NS	~76	~81	NS	NS
Segal et al38 Knee osteoarthritis, females	KOOS
	Pain	~80	~82	NS	~76	~78	NS	NS
Bryk et al4 Knee osteoarthritis	Lequesne scale	11.5	6.5	0.001	13.0	7.0	0.001	NS
	VAS knee pain	6.5	3.2	0.001	6.0	3.5	0.001	NS
	VAS knee pain with training	—	2.5	—	—	6.2	—	0.01
Ferraz et al8 Knee osteoarthritis	WOMAC				HR	HR
	Pain	6.9	4.0	0.02	7.2	4.0	NS	NP
	Stiffness	3.6	2.1	0.01	3.5	2.0	NS	NP
	Physical function	21.0	10.3	0.02	25.9	14.6	0.02	NP
	Total score	31.5	17.1	0.008	36.6	21.2	0.02	NP
	WOMAC				LR	LR
	Pain				7.9	4.0	0.001	NP
	Stiffness				2.8	1.8	NS	NP
	Physical function				24.4	12.7	NS	NP
	Total score				35.1	18.4	0.005	NP
Giles et al11 Patellofemoral pain	Kujala patellofemoral score	73.6	86.5	<0.001	72.6	83.2	<0.001	NS, ES = 0.23
	VAS worst pain	55.7	27.4	<0.001	51.4	25.6	<0.001	NS, ES = 0.27
	VAS ADL	58.2	21.6	<0.001	42.5	24.1	< 0.001	0.02, ES = 0.53

ADL, activities of daily living; BFRT, blood flow–restricted training; ES, effect size; HR, high resistance; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores; LR, low resistance; MCS, mental component score; NP, not provided; NS, not significant; PCS, physical component score; QOL, quality of life; VAS, visual analog scale; VR-12, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.