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. 2018 Nov 17;9(24):4596–4610. doi: 10.7150/jca.27993

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Affected pathways in group 4 medulloblastoma. The SHH pathway is inactivated and Wnt pathway is activated for group 4. Gain-of-function mutations in MUC16 can result in activation of the Wnt pathway by enhancing the transcriptional activity of CTNNB1. PCDH9 gain-of-function mutations can activate GSK3β and suppress Akt, however, the effect was unable to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In the SHH pathway, gain-of-function in PTCHD4 leads to greater inhibition of SMO that can result in repressed transcription of SHH response genes.