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. 2018 Oct 20;15(14):1631–1639. doi: 10.7150/ijms.27669

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Expression of osteogenic and adipogenic regulating gene. The expression of the osteogenic related genes Stanniocalcin (STC1) (Panel A), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) (Panel B) and Osteocalcin (BGLAP) (Panel C) and of the adipogenic regulating gene PPAR-γ (Panel D), was evaluated in ADSCs cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium (green bar), or in adipogenic differentiation medium in the presence of melatonin (yellow bar) or in differentiation medium with melatonin plus vitamin D (red bar). The mRNA levels for each gene were normalized to Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate-Dehidrogenase (GAPDH) and expressed as fold of change (2-∆∆Ct) of the mRNA levels observed in undifferentiated ADSCs (black bar) defined as 1 (mean ±SD; n=6). ADSCs cultured in osteogenic conditioned medium represented the positive control (blue bar). Data from differentiation medium together melatonin and vitamin D show upregulation of osteogenic genes at 14 days and were significantly different after 21 days compared with the differentiation medium alone. Data are expressed as mean ± SD referred to the control (* p ≤ 0.05).