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(A) Flow cytometry for quantifying intracellular ROS and NO in both normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (2% O2) cells after different treatments. (B) Survival fractions calculated from 4T1 cells after different treatments. (C) Flow cytometry analysis for cell apoptosis. (D) Comet images for DNA fragmentation. X-ray energy: 6 MeV. X-ray radiation dose: 4 Gy. NPs mass concentration: 50 μg mL-1. Error bars: mean ± standard deviation for at least three replicates. P values: *P < 0.05.
