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. 2018 Dec 14;10:251–261. doi: 10.2147/RRU.S173027

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Main liquid biopsies in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and upper urinary tract carcinoma

Notes: Several materials are available as liquid biopsy samples. In urothelial carcinoma, two main liquid biopsies are widely used for initial detection of primary tumors and monitoring systems after treatment. Urine sample is mostly used for non-muscle disease, whereas serum and plasma allow the follow-up and prediction of treatment response predominantly in advanced diseases. The commercially available assays that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and/or Japanese health insurance are indicated by rectangles.

Abbreviations: BTA, bladder tumor antigen; CTC, circulating tumor cells; UBC, urinary bladder cancer.