Table 1.
Characteristics of intensive care unit patients with sepsis by cytomegalovirus reactivation status
| Variables | Primary comparisona | Secondary comparisonb | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMVs + (n = 37) | CMV+c (n = 37) | P value | CMVs− (n = 36) | CMV+c (n = 36) | P value | |||||
| Demographics and comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 69 | (63–76) | 69 | (62–77) | MF | 68 | (60–72) | 69 | (63–77) | MF |
| Sex, male | 22 | (60) | 22 | (60) | MF | 23 | (64) | 23 | (64) | MF |
| COPD | 10 | (27) | 5 | (14) | 0.25 | 6 | (17) | 6 | (17) | 1.00 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4 | (11) | 2 | (5) | 0.67 | 1 | (3) | 1 | (3) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 | (8) | 9 | (24) | 0.11 | 7 | (19) | 8 | (22) | 1.00 |
| Solid or hematologic malignancy | 2 | (5) | 4 | (11) | 0.67 | 8 | (22) | 6 | (17) | 0.77 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 3 | (8) | 8 | (22) | 0.19 | 5 | (14) | 9 | (25) | 0.37 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0 | (0–1) | 0 | (0–1) | 0.29 | 0 | (0–2) | 0 | (0–2) | 0.81 |
| Characteristics at ICU admission | ||||||||||
| Hospital (A versus B) | 25 | (68) | 25 | (68) | MF | 28 | (78) | 28 | (78) | MF |
| Prior ICU admission | 10 | (27) | 4 | (11) | 0.14 | 11 | (31) | 3 | (8) | 0.03 |
| Surgical reason for admission | 13 | (35) | 11 | (30) | 0.62 | 15 | (42) | 9 | (25) | 0.21 |
| APACHE IV score | 85 | (65–103) | 88 | (66–114) | 0.43 | 85 | (72–96) | 83 | (66–111) | 0.67 |
| Septic shock | 24 | (65) | 23 | (62) | 0.81 | 26 | (72) | 25 | (69) | 0.80 |
| ARDS | 27 | (73) | 26 | (70) | 0.80 | 24 | (67) | 23 | (64) | 0.80 |
| Source of infection | 0.03 | 0.88 | ||||||||
| - Pulmonary | 20 | (54) | 14 | (38) | 16 | (44) | 15 | (42) | ||
| - Abdominal | 5 | (14) | 15 | (41) | 11 | (31) | 13 | (36) | ||
| - Other | 12 | (32) | 8 | (21) | 9 | (25) | 8 | (22) | ||
| Characteristics at t = 0d | ||||||||||
| Length of ICU stay until t = 0 (days) | 7 | (6–11) | 7 | (6–11) | MF | 9 | (6–11) | 9 | (6–11) | MF |
| SOFA score | 7 | (4–8) | 7 | (4–8) | MF | 7 | (5–10) | 8 | (6–10) | MF |
| Corticosteroids in 4 previous dayse | 15 | (41) | 15 | (41) | MF | 17 | (47) | 17 | (47) | MF |
Abbreviations: APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, CMVs+ cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive without reactivation, CMV+ CMV reactivation, CMVs− CMV seronegative, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, MF used as matching factor, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
Data are presented as medians (Q1–Q3) or frequencies (column percentages)
aIn the primary comparison, patients with CMV reactivation were compared with matched CMV seropositive patients without reactivation
bIn the secondary comparison, patients with CMV reactivation were compared with matched CMV seronegative patients
cTwenty-eight patients with CMV reactivation are included in both matched comparisons
dt = 0 is the ICU day of CMV reactivation; this length of stay also determines t = 0 in the matched patient without reactivation
eHigh-dose corticosteroid was defined as a daily dose of at least 250 mg hydrocortisone or equivalent