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. 2018 Dec 18;20:278. doi: 10.1186/s13075-018-1778-6

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in the composition of the total regulatory T cell (Treg)/responder T cell (Tresp) pool with age in healthy volunteers (n = 94) and SLE patients (n = 78). The percentages of recent thymic emigrant (RTE) Tregs/Tresps, mature naive (MN) Tregs/Tresps, CD31⁺ memory Tregs/Tresps, and CD31⁻ memory Tregs/Tresps were estimated within the total Treg/Tresp pool in both healthy volunteers (black diamonds) and SLE patients (red diamonds). The figures present the regression lines concerning the changes in the percentages of the different Treg/Tresp subsets with increasing age. Significant changes with age are marked by black p values (healthy volunteers) or red p values (SLE patients). Significantly decreased percentages (red downward arrow) of RTE Tregs, but increased percentages (red upward arrow) of CD31⁻ memory Tregs within total Tregs, independently of age (marked by red p* values), suggest an enhanced differentiation of RTE Tregs into CD31⁻ memory Tregs in SLE patients compared with healthy volunteers (a). Age-independent differences in the differentiation of RTE Tresps between healthy volunteers and SLE patients were not detected (b). The possible differentiation pathways of RTE Tregs/Tresps are illustrated by dashed arrows (c and d). The enhanced differentiation of RTE Tregs into CD31⁻ memory Tregs is illustrated by a bold arrow (c). Details regarding the enhanced differentiation pathway of RTE Tregs via MN or CD31⁺ memory Tregs in SLE patients cannot be determined (d)