Table 2.
Continuous variables included in the mixture modeling
| Clinical variables, mean (SD) or median (IQR) | Profile 1 (n = 10,340) | Profile 2 (n = 1305) | Profile 3 (n = 1635) | Profile 4 (n = 1713) | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.81 (16.47) | 68.25 (15.00) | 63.79 (16.23) | 69.21 (16.64) | <0.001 |
| Ph | 7.39 (0.06) | 7.35 (0.09) | 7.29 (0.10) | 7.37 (0.08) | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 22.92 (3.75) | 32.48 (4.73) | 17.19 (4.17) | 23.00 (4.66) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit, % | 31.61 (5.27) | 33.24 (5.89) | 31.56 (5.85) | 32.71 (5.60) | <0.001 |
| Platelet, ×109/L | 208.00 [140.50, 288.00] | 233.50 [171.00, 310.50] | 183.00 [109.25, 278.00] | 208.00 [146.00, 287.50] | <0.001 |
| aPTT, s | 38.14 (18.10) | 35.51 (17.29) | 50.91 (25.18) | 37.42 (17.73) | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.57 (0.88) | 1.57 (0.98) | 2.48 (2.36) | 1.59 (0.99) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.44 (1.02) | 1.36 (1.09) | 4.32 (3.01) | 1.64 (1.38) | <0.001 |
| Urine output, L/24 h | 1.54 [0.93, 2.42] | 1.48 [0.94, 2.23] | 0.50 [0.14, 1.14] | 1.32 [0.73, 2.12] | <0.001 |
| Minimum GCS score | 15.00 [14.00, 15.00] | 15.00 [14.00, 15.00] | 15.00 [14.00, 15.00] | 7.00 [4.00, 9.00] | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.60 [0.40, 1.15] | 0.50 [0.30, 0.80] | 0.90 [0.40, 2.88] | 0.60 [0.40, 1.10] | <0.001 |
| Mean BP, mm Hg | 80.44 (16.47) | 80.15 (16.85) | 76.57 (18.84) | 82.50 (19.39) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor ratea | 0.08 (0.63) | 0.07 (0.85) | 0.77 (2.96) | 0.15 (0.82) | <0.001 |
| PaO2, mm Hg | 136.25 (69.02) | 108.53 (48.23) | 124.77 (57.29) | 144.90 (77.48) | <0.001 |
| PaCO2, mm Hg | 38.75 (6.79) | 63.57 (12.71) | 35.31 (9.30) | 40.42 (10.15) | <0.001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 2.13 (1.20) | 1.59 (0.85) | 4.57 (3.50) | 2.49 (1.73) | <0.001 |
| Temperature, °C | 36.90 (0.72) | 36.77 (0.64) | 36.48 (0.93) | 36.85 (0.85) | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 144.77 (54.97) | 143.63 (49.28) | 173.07 (98.95) | 156.27 (70.68) | <0.001 |
| Anion gap, mEq/L | 14.37 (2.77) | 12.26 (2.76) | 22.32 (4.33) | 15.10 (3.65) | <0.001 |
| Chloride, mmol/L | 105.25 (5.96) | 98.70 (5.68) | 102.09 (7.10) | 106.57 (7.85) | <0.001 |
| WBC, ×109/L | 12.92 (9.20) | 11.62 (6.37) | 16.25 (22.96) | 13.95 (12.96) | <0.001 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 138.25 (4.93) | 139.20 (4.79) | 136.38 (5.85) | 140.34 (6.63) | <0.001 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.15 (0.59) | 4.37 (0.70) | 4.81 (0.88) | 4.24 (0.67) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, /min | 90.35 (16.82) | 89.02 (16.11) | 91.84 (18.48) | 91.44 (17.52) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate, /min | 20.66 (4.44) | 21.00 (4.35) | 21.26 (4.90) | 21.13 (4.82) | <0.001 |
aVasopressors included dopamine and norepinephrine. Since the dosings of these drugs were in different scale, they were centered at mean and scaled by standard deviation and combined, referring to as vasopressors. For patients without using vasopressor, the value was 0.
Abbreviations: aPTT activated partial thrombin time, BP blood pressure, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, INR international normalized ratio, IQR interquartile ratio, PaCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaO2 arterial partial oxygen pressure, pH potential hydrogen, SD standard deviation, WBC white blood cell count