Table 2.
Effect of AZE, FP, and MP-AzeFlu on cytokine and sICAM-1 secretion from nasal mucosal epithelial cells
| Agent/dilution | Secretion, compared with FBS (%) | N | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | IL-8 | GM-CSF | sICAM-1 | ||
| Control media | 15.3 ± 2.1* | 18.0 ± 2.7* | 44.3 ± 4.7* | 65.9 ± 5.1* | 9 |
| 10% FBS | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 9 |
| AZE | |||||
| 1:102 | 76.1 ± 4.9* | 90.1 ± 5.8 | 223.5 ± 34.9* | 95.2 ± 2.3 | 9 |
| 1:103 | 88.7 ± 4.3 | 87.0 ± 5.9 | 93.8 ± 6.0 | 92.8 ± 4.6 | 9 |
| 1:104 | 84.6 ± 8.3 | 93.3 ± 3.3 | 89.7 ± 5.8 | 96.9 ± 1.8 | 9 |
| 1:105 | 90.1 ± 3.8 | 91.0 ± 5.3 | 87.6 ± 3.8 | 98.9 ± 1.1 | 9 |
| FP | |||||
| 1:102 | 53.0 ± 4.9* | 58.5 ± 2.3* | 58.2 ± 5.9* | 85.2 ± 3.5 | 9 |
| 1:103 | 59.1 ± 5.4* | 62.0 ± 5.7* | 60.2 ± 5.8* | 81.8 ± 5.4 | 9 |
| 1:104 | 57.7 ± 6.6* | 60.4 ± 3.6* | 56.2 ± 6.5* | 87.0 ± 3.4 | 9 |
| 1:105 | 75.3 ± 6.9* | 65.4 ± 5.9* | 65.0 ± 7.2* | 84.9 ± 7.3 | 9 |
| MP-AzeFlu | |||||
| 1:102 | 38.3 ± 4.2* | 55.3 ± 3.4* | 126.9 ± 9.8 | 84.0 ± 4.8 | 9 |
| 1:103 | 55.0 ± 6.5* | 60.8 ± 4.6* | 61.7 ± 5.7* | 86.3 ± 6.0 | 9 |
| 1:104 | 52.9 ± 3.1* | 60.8 ± 3.2* | 57.9 ± 5.3* | 92.7 ± 3.2 | 9 |
| 1:105 | 72.4 ± 7.5* | 65.1 ± 5.2* | 69.7 ± 7.5* | 88.9 ± 2.3 | 9 |
Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for analysis. *P < 0.05 compared with 10% FBS–induced secretion
AZE azelastine hydrochloride, FBS fetal bovine serum, FP fluticasone propionate, GM-CSF granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL interleukin, MP-AzeFlu intranasal AZE and intranasal FP in a single device, SEM standard error of the mean, sICAM-1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1