Table 1.
Analytical applications of fluorescent POFs
| POFs | Monomersa) | S BET [m2 g−1] | Pore sizes [nm] | Analytes with high selectivityb) | Limits of detection [LODs] | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrobenzene derivatives | ||||||
| Py‐azine COF | TFPPy, hydrazine | 1210 | 1.76 | TNP >> DNP > DNT, NP, NT | 70 ppm | 20 |
| SNW‐1 | Melamine, TPA | 476 | 1.0 | TNP >> Tetryl, TNT > DNT >> NT > NB | 11.5 ppb | [[qv: 56a]] |
| TRIPTA | TAPT, Tp | 609 | 1.68 | TNP > DNP > DNT > NP | 5.2 × 10−8 m | [[qv: 56b]] |
| COF TAPB‐TFPB | TAPB, TFPB | 229 | 40 | TNP >> DNT > pDNB > mDNB | 13 ppm | [[qv: 23a]] |
| TfpBDH‐CONsc) | Tfp, BDH | 270 | – | TNP >> TNT > DNP > NP > DNT | 5.4 × 10−5 m | [[qv: 64c]] |
| PI‐CONsd) | TAPP, PTCA | 894 | 2.8 | TNP >> DNP > PPD, NP > NT > DNT, NB, TNT | 0.25 × 10−6 m | 65 |
| 3D‐Py‐COF | TAPM, TFPPy | 1290 | 0.59 | TNP | 20 ppm | [[qv: 19c]] |
| ACOF‐1 | hydrazine hydrate, TFB | – | – | TNR > TNP > TNT > DNT | – | 125 |
| COP‐401 and COP‐301 | DB, TBT, TBB | – | – | TNP >> TNT > DNT > mDNB > NB | 0.68 ppm | 126 |
| PCTF‐8 | Tetra(4‐cyanophenyl)ethylene | 625 | 0.5–1.48 | TNP >> NT > NB > DNP > 2,6‐DNT > 2,4‐DNT | <1.0 × 10−5 m | 41 |
| COF TFPC‐NDA | TFPC, NDA | 294 | 0.75–2.1 | TNP | 68 ppb | 127 |
| PAF‐14 | TBPGe | 1288 | microporous | NB, 2,4‐DNT, TNT | – | 128 |
| PAF‐15 | TBPGe, HHTP | 747 | – | NB, 2,4‐DNT, TNT | – | 129 |
| PPC‐PPyS‐PAFs | BDBA, TBB, TBrPy | 388–415 | – | TNP > TNT > DNT > Cl‐NB > NT | <75 ppm | 130 |
| Small molecules | ||||||
| TAT‐COF‐2 | 2‐CHO‐TAT, 2‐NH2‐TAT | 1166.1 | 1.48 | Arene vapors | – | 66 |
| NUS‐20 | TPE‐1, TBPM | 900 | 1.23 | Arene vapors | – | 67 |
| TPE‐Ph COF | TPEBA, THB | 962 | 1.3–2.6 | Ammonia | <1 ppm | 61 |
| COF‐TzDa | Tz, Da | 709 | 3.6 | Water | 0.006% | 68 |
| COF‐JLU4 | DMTPH, Tp | 923 | 2.2 | H+ in water | pH 0.9–13.0 | 69 |
| Metal ions | ||||||
| COF‐LZU8 | Thioether Monomer, TFB | 454 | 1.3 | Hg2+ | 25 ppb | [[qv: 73a]] |
| TAPB‐BMTTPA‐COF | TAPB, BMTTPA | 1934 | 3.2 | Hg2+ | 0.01 ppm | [[qv: 73b]] |
| COF‐S‐SH | Dva, TAPB, 1,2‐ethanedithiol | 546 | – | Hg2+ | 0.1 ppb | 74 |
| TPB‐DMTP‐COF‐SH | DMTA, BPTA, TAPB, 1,2‐bis(2azidoethyl)disulfane | 291 | 2.14 | Hg2+ | 1.5 µg L−1 | 131 |
| CTFQD | 1,4‐dicyanobenzene | – | – | Hg2+ | 0.23 × 10−6 m | 132 |
| PAF‐1‐SH | 2,2′‐bipyridyl, TBPM, NaHS | 3274 | 0.3 | Hg2+ | 0.04 ppb | 133 |
| NS‐COF | Tp, DHBD | – | – | UO2 2+ | 0.2 ppm | [[qv: 34b]] |
| PPN‐6‐PAN | 2,2′‐bipyridyl, TBPM, acrylonitrile | 19.5 | – | UO2 2+ | ≈80 ppb | 134 |
| COF‐JLU3 | TBHFB, hydrazine hydrate | 570 | – | Cu2+ | 0.31 × 10−6 m | 76 |
| PI‐COF‐201, PI‐COF‐202 | Melamine, PMDA, NTDA | 3.9–9.2 | 1.34–1.41 | Fe3+ | 0.13 × 10−6 m | 77 |
BDBA: benzene‐1,4‐diboronic acid; BDH: pyromellitic‐N,N′‐bisaminoimide; BMTTPA: 2,5‐Bis(methylthio)terephthalaldehyde; BPTA: 2,5‐bis(prop‐2‐in‐1‐yloxy)terephtaldehyde; 2‐CHO‐TAT: 2,7,12‐triformyl‐5,10,15‐triethyltriindole; Da: 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde; DB: 1,4‐Dibromobenzene; DHBD: dihydroxybenzidine; DMTA: 2,5‐dimethoxyterephtaldehyde; DMTPH: 2,5‐dimethoxyterephthalohydrazide; Dva: 2,5‐divinylterephthalaldehyde; HHTP: 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene; NDA: naphthalenediamine; 2‐NH2‐TAT: 2,7,12‐ triamino‐5,10,15‐triethyltriindole; NTDA: naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride; PMDA: pyromellitic dianhydride; PTCA: perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride; TAPB: 1,3,5‐tris(4′‐aminophenyl)benzene; TAPM: tetra(p‐aminophenyl)methane; TAPP: tetra(4‐aminophenyl) porphyrin; TAPT: 1,3,5‐tris‐(4‐aminophenyl)triazine; TBB: 1,3,5‐tris(4‐bromophenyl)benzene; TBHFB: 1,3,5‐tris(3′‐tert‐butyl‐4′‐hydroxy‐5′‐formylphenyl) benzene; TBPGe: tetra(4‐dihydroxyborylphenyl)germanium; TBPM: tetrakis(4‐bromophenyl)methane; TBrPy: 1,3,6,8‐tetrabromopyrene; TBT: 2,4,6‐Tris‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐[1,3,5]triazine; TFB: 1,3,5‐Triformylbenzene; TFPB: 1,3,5‐tris(4′‐formylphenyl)benzene; TFPC: tri(4‐formyl phenoxy)cyanurate; TFPPy: 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis(4‐formylphenyl)pyrene; Tfp: 1,3,5‐tris(4‐formylphenyl)benzene; THB: 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydroxybenzene; Tp: 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol; TPA: terephthalaldehyde; TPE‐1: 1,2‐diphenyl‐1,2‐bis(4‐(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)phenyl)ethane; TPEBA: tetraphenylethene‐cored boronic acids; Tz: 4,4′,4″‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)trianiline
Cl‐NB: 4‐chloro‐nitrobenzene; DNP: dinitrophenol; DNT: 2,4‐dinitrotoluene; m‐DNB: m‐dinitrobenzene; NB: nitrobenzene; NP: nitrophenol; NT: nitrotoluene; p‐DNB: p‐dinitrobenzene; Tetryl: 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylmethylnitramine; TNP: 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid); TNR: 2,4,6‐trinitroresorcinol; TNT: 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene
The thickness of TfpBDH‐CONs are 1.5–5.1 nm
S BET and pore sizes here are the values of PI‐COFs and the thickness of PI‐CONs are ≈1 nm.