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. 2016 Oct 5;14(2):335–348. doi: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2016.09.004

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Endophytic contamination during in vitro culture of Vitex negundo. (A–D) Nodal explants of V. negundo after 15 days of culture. A. Surface disinfection with 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 min followed by a rinse with sterilized distilled water (SDW) three times. (B) Surface disinfection with 70% ethanol for 2 min followed by treatment with 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 min followed by a rinse with SDW three times. (C) Surface disinfection with 0.1% HgCl2 for 3 min followed by disinfection with 70% ethanol for 2 min followed by a rinse with SDW three times. (D) Surface disinfection with 70% ethanol for 2 min followed by a rinse with SDW three times. (E–H) Axillary shoot multiplication of V. negundo on MS medium supplemented with 41.28 μM kanamycin, 59.81 μM penicillin, and 34.39 μM streptomycin following disinfection with 70% ethanol for 2 min and three washes with SDW. (E) 4.44 μM BA. F. 4.44 μM BA with 57.41 μM arginine. (G) 4.44 μM BA with 68.43 μM glutamine. (H) 4.44 μM BA with 86.86 μM proline. Culture conditions in all cases (culture period 45 days, growth temperature 25 °C, photoperiod 16-h, light intensity 35 μmol m−2 s−1).