Fig. 7.

Representative stainings for metabolic protein expression analyses in human glioma biopsies. Metabolic and mTOR pathway related protein expression patterns and evaluated staining scores were shown in representative human IDH wild-type and mutant gliomas. Stainings of normal brain tissues were added to the upper left corner. High mTOR activity—with tissue heterogeneity and characteristic CPT1a protein overexpression (17/18 3+ scores) were detected in almost all studied gliomas. The intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity appeared in e.g. p-S6, FASN and p-(Ser473)-Akt stainings, respectively. Significant differences between IDH wild-type and mutant cases were only observed in GLS expression scores, the IDH-mutant glioma tissues expressed higher amount of GLS protein (expression scores were 2/3+ in 6/8 mutant and 0/1+ in 8/10 studied IDH wild-type cases). Further explanation is in the text. Immunohistochemistry stainings of IDH wild-type (n = 10) and IDH-mutant (n = 8) cases were developed by DAB (brown) using haematoxylin counterstaining—the representative photos were taken by Panoramic Viewer (3D Histech—×40)