. 2018 Dec 19;18:391. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1972-8

Table 2.

Early Childhood events: comparison between groups and post-hoc

Early childhood events	HC N = 85		MDD N = 83		BD N = 74		SSD N = 91		χ²	p	Post-hoc
Early childhood events	Fr	%	Fr	%	Fr	%	Fr	%	χ²	p	Post-hoc
Cannabis Abuse	5	5.9	1	1.2	12	16.2	26	28.6	χ² = 33.721	<.001	SSD > all; HC < all
Cocaine Abuse	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	5.4	6	6.6	χ² = 10.695	.013	NS
LSD Abuse	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	4.4	χ² = 10.767	.013	NS
Heroin Abuse	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	4	4.4	χ² = 10.767	.013	NS
Alcohol Abuse	0	0.0	4	4.8	11	14.9	8	8.8	χ² = 14.660	.002	NS
Absence of father	3	3.5	11	13.3	13	17.6	15	16.5	χ² = 9.279	.026	HC < all
Absence of mother	2	2.4	6	7.2	13	17.6	8	8.8	χ² = 11.853	.008	BD > all
Change of school	9	10.6	13	15.7	14	18.9	25	27.5	χ² = 8.900	.031	NS
Home escape	0	0.0	4	4.8	11	14.9	20	22.0	χ² = 27.056	<.001	SSD > all; HC < all
Serious economic difficulties	9	10.6	29	34.9	36	48.6	26	28.6	χ² = 28.543	<.001	HC < all; BD > all
Neglect of major needs	3	3.5	18	21.7	20	27.0	21	23.1	χ² = 17.935	<.001	HC < all
Serious family tensions	6	7.1	34	41.0	25	33.8	40	44.0	χ² = 33.681	<.001	HC < all
Psychological Abuse	0	0.0	10	12.0	11	14.9	26	28.6	χ² = 29.986	<.001	SSD > all; HC < all
Physical Abuse	1	1.2	12	14.5	18	24.3	38	41.8	χ² = 46.849	<.001	SSD > all; HC < all
Absence of adult confident	18	21.2	38	45.8	36	48.6	47	51.6	χ² = 20.465	<.001	HC < all
Absence of peer confident	10	9.7	25	21.1	25	33.8	43	47.3	χ² = 26.271	<.001	HC < all
Experiences of loneliness	7	8.2	34	41.0	30	40.5	61	67.0	χ² = 63.662	<.001	SSD > all; HC < all

Abbreviations: HC Healthy Control, MDD Major Depressive Disorder, BD Bipolar Disorder, SSD Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorder, Fr Frequency

For comparison, post hoc Bonferroni-corrected, Chi-square test used for binary variables; the bold P values indicated the statistical significance