AA starvation-dependent COX-2 induction is inhibited by p38-MAPK inhibition. Indicated cells were pretreated for one hour with DMSO (V, vehicle), SB202190 (SB, 20 μM, p38-MAPK inhibitor), U0126 (U, 10 μM, MEK inhibitor), or SP600125 (SP, 30 μM, JNK inhibitor) and then AA starved for 4 hours. COX-2 (A) protein and (B) mRNA expression were assessed. EIF5α and cyclophilin A again served as normalization controls. Blots are representative of three independent experiments. Graphs show average value of three independent experiments with error bar representing ± one SEM. * and # indicate statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference by t-test compared with the initial and V-treated 4 hour time points, respectively.