Table 3.

Effects of Total Number of Children on Women’s Ln Hourly Wage in Fixed Effects Models and Random Effects Model

	Continuous measure		Categorical measure
	Net effect of fertility	Full model	Net effect of fertility	Full model
Number of children	−0.167*** (0.037)	−0.122** (0.040)
Total number of births (reference group: no child)
One child			−0.174*** (0.051)	−0.139* (0.056)
Two children			−0.346** (0.089)	−0.240* (0.097)
Three or more children			−0.372 (0.299)	−0.297 (0.322)
Age	0.110*** (0.003)		0.110*** (0.003)
Work experience		0.085*** (0.010)		0.086*** (0.010)
Work experience2 (unit=100)		0.236 (2.376)		0.001 (0.023)
Part time work (yes=1)		−0.184** (0.059)		−0.184** (0.059)
Occupation (reference group: agriculture related)
Worker		0.126 (0.115)		0.124 (0.116)
Clerk, sales and service		0.112 (0.118)		0.110 (0.118)
Manager and professional		0.191 (0.123)		0.189 (0.123)
Other		0.211 (0.134)		0.210 (0.135)
Work unit (reference group: market sector)
State sector		−0.038 (0.049)		−0.038 (0.050)
Collective sector		−0.062 (0.049)		−0.062 (0.049)
Time spent in other work		−0.109 (0.084)		−0.108 (0.084)
Marital status (reference group: unmarried)
Married		0.222** (0.083)		0.226** (0.084)
Divorced		0.147 (0.176)		0.152 (0.176)
Widowed		0.520*** (0.156)		0.526*** (0.157)
Housework per day		−0.008*** (0.002)		−0.008*** (0.002)
Living arrangement (reference group: living independently)
Living with wife’s parents		0.091 (0.125)		0.094 (0.125)
Living with husband’s parents		−0.030 (0.058)		−0.028 (0.058)
Caring for elderly people in last week		0.086 (0.048)		0.086 (0.048)
Region (reference group: north east)
Eastern Coastal region
Middle region
South west region
Constant	−2.586*** (0.107)	−0.640*** (0.165)	−2.589*** (0.108)	−0.641*** (0.165)
Observations	2,743	2,743	2,743	2,743

Note: Numbers in parentheses are standard errors.

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01,

^***p<0.001,