Table 2. Poisson multilevel regression used to estimate the prevalence ratio of exclusive breastfeeding discontinuation according to maternal and infant characteristics adjusted for infant age in the First and Second National Surveys of Breastfeeding Prevalence in Brazilian state capitalsa; Brazil, 1999–2008.
| Model 0b | Model 1c | Model 2d | Model 3e | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First survey, 1999 | |||||
|
Fixed effects Constant |
0.58 (0.52–0.65)* |
0.56 (0.50–0.64)* |
0.55 (0.49–0.63)* |
0.51 (0.44–0.60)* |
|
| Maternal education (years of schooling) |
|||||
| >12 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| 9–12 | - | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) | - | - | |
| 0–8 | - | 1.04 (1.00–1.09)** | - | - | |
| Maternal age (years) | |||||
| ≥20 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| <20 | - | - | 1.09 (1.06–1.13)* | - | |
| Type of delivery | |||||
| Vaginal/forceps | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Cesarean | - | - | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | - | |
| Maternal work status | - | - | |||
| Does not work outside home/on maternity leave | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Works outside home | - | - | 1.04 (1.01–1.07)** | - | |
| Pacifier use | |||||
| No | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Yes | - | - | - | 1.25 (1.15–1.34)* | |
|
Random effect Capital—constant |
0.014 (0.009–0.022) |
0.014 (0.009–0.021) |
0.014 (0.009–0.021) |
0.013 (0.008–0.020) |
|
| -2loglikelihood | 569367.52 | 552966.98 | 535563.52 | 524844.66 | |
| Second survey, 2008 | |||||
|
Fixed effects Constant |
0.42 (0.38–0.46)* |
0.38 (0.35–0.41)* |
0.34 (0.31–0.37)* |
0.29 (0.27–0.32)* |
|
| Maternal education (years of schooling) |
|||||
| >12 | - | 1 | - | - | |
| 9–12 | - | 1.05 (1.01–1.10)** | - | - | |
| 0–8 | - | 1.16 (1.11–1.22)* | - | - | |
| Maternal age (years) | |||||
| ≥20 | - | - | 1 | - | |
| <20 | - | - | 1.16 (1.13–1.19)* | - | |
| Type of delivery | |||||
| Vaginal/forceps | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Cesarean | - | - | 1.03 (1.01–1.04)** | - | |
| Maternal work status | - | - | |||
| Does not work outside home/on maternity leave | - | - | 1 | - | |
| Works outside home | - | - | 1.21 (1.17–1.25)* | - | |
| Pacifier use | |||||
| No | - | - | - | 1 | |
| Yes | - | - | - | 1.52 (1.44–1.59)* | |
|
Random effect Capital—constant |
0.012 (0.006–0.021) |
0.013 (0.007–0.023) |
0.012 (0.007–0.022) |
0.012 (0.007–0.021) |
|
| -2loglikelihood | 524923.26 | 463266.62 | 426540.00 | 417184.48 | |
a Individual data adjusted for sample weight of each municipality in each survey wave.
b Model 0: capital of residence and infant age
c Model 1: model 0 + maternal education
d Model 2: model 1 + maternal age, type of delivery, maternal work status
e Model 3: model 2 + pacifier use
* p<0.001
** p<0.05