Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of rheumatoid arthritis treatments among Arab patients.
| DMARDs | TNF-inhibitors | Methotrexate | Steroids | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Age | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | - | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | - | 1.03 (1.01–1.04)* | - | 1.03 (1.01–1.04)* | - |
| Age at Diagnosis | 0.97 (0.96–0.98)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99)* | - | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | - | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | - |
| Duration of Disease | 1.06 (1.04–1.08)* | 1.05 (1.02–1.07)* | 1.04 (1.03–1.06)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.07)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.08)* | 1.05 (1.02–1.08)* | 1.10 (1.07–1.14)* | 1.07 (1.04–1.11)* |
| Female | 1.71 (1.18–2.48)* | 1.62 (1.09–2.40)* | 1.17 (0.77–1.78) | - | 0.36 (0.18–0.73)* | 0.33 (0.15–0.70)* | 1.17 (0.75–1.83) | - |
| Ever Married | 1.16 (0.77–1.74) | - | 0.66 (0.43–1.00)* | 0.58 (0.37–0.93)* | 0.86 (0.48–1.52) | - | 2.12 (1.37–3.29)* | 1.64 (0.97–2.76) |
| Education (vs. Non-schooling) | ||||||||
| Middle/secondary | 1.49 (1.07–2.09)* | 1.35 (0.92–1.99) | 0.67 (0.46–0.97)* | 0.88 (0.58–1.34) | 1.26 (0.80–1.98) | - | 0.87 (0.56–1.35) | 0.75 (0.44–1.26) |
| University | 1.58 (1.12–2.24)* | 1.45 (0.96–2.18) | 1.12 (0.78–1.61) | 1.41 (0.93–2.14) | 1.18 (0.75–1.87) | - | 0.61 (0.40–0.94)* | 0.03 (0.33–0.95)* |
| Cigarette Smoking | 0.86 (0.61–1.20) | - | 0.64 (0.43–0.95)* | 0.81 (0.52–1.25) | 1.43 (0.87–2.35) | - | 1.58 (1.00–2.51)* | 1.39 (0.82–2.36) |
| Coronary Artery Disease | 0.81 (0.40–1.63) | - | 1.12 (0.52–2.38) | - | 2.86 (0.68–12.08) | - | 2.45 (0.74–8.11) | - |
| Stroke | 0.59 (0.21–1.71) | - | 0.42 (0.09–1.90_ | - | 0.65 (0.18–2.37) | - | 3.14 (0.41–24.17) | - |
| Type II Diabetes | 0.69 (0.46–1.01) | 0.64 (0.41–0.99)* | 1.41 (0.94–2.12)* | 1.19 (0.75–1.89) | 1.54 (0.84–2.82) | - | 1.90 (1.06–3.41)* | 0.85 (0.43–1.66) |
| Country Site (Vs. Jordan) | ||||||||
| KSA | 0.63 (0.40–1.00) | 0.61 (0.38–0.99)* | 8.24 (4.70–14.46)* |
7.73 (4.33–13.80)* |
9.98 (3.88–25.66)* |
10.12 (3.88–26.41)* |
0.71 (0.26–1.94)* | 0.65 (0.23–1.79) |
| Lebanon | 0.44 (0.28–0.71)* | 0.41 (0.25–0.67)* | 3.04 (1.65–5.59)* | 2.95 (1.57–5.53)* | 2.53 (1.38–4.66)* | 2.75 (1.45–5.22)* | 0.12 (0.05–0.26)* | 0.12 (0.05–0.28)* |
| Qatar | 0.67 (0.45–1.01) | 0.65 (0.43–0.99)* | 4.60 (2.71–7.79)* | 4.51 (2.63–7.73)* | 2.63 (1.61–4.28)* | 2.79 (1.69–4.62)* | 0.16 (0.08–0.35)* | 0.16 (0.08–0.36)* |
| UAE | 0.22 (0.14–0.35)* | 0.24 (0.15–0.40)* | 3.81 (2.12–6.86)* | 4.73 (2.56–8.77)* | 1.18 (0.71–1.95) | 1.57 (0.92–2.67) | 0.04 (0.02–0.90)* | 0.05 0.02–0.10)* |
*–p-value < 0.05
OR: odds ratio; aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval