Salivary phenotypic marker and stem cell marker changes at the
mRNA level. (A) mRNA levels of salivary acinar cell markers (AMY1A and AQP5), salivary ductal cell markers
(KRT7, KRT18, NHE1, and SLC26C), intercellular adherence protein (CDH1), and tight junction protein (TJP),
as well as (B) stem cell-related markers (POU5F1, NANOG, LGR5, THY1, ITGB1, HAS, and KRT5)
were tested by real-time PCR in 2D plastic and 3D spheroid at 3 days
after salivary epithelial differentiation. The data from the three
independent experiments were analyzed and presented as the mean ±
standard errors of the mean (n = 9). Two-way ANOVA,
Bonferroni post hoc test. *, compared with POST in the 2D plastic
group; #, compared with POST the floating culture group; $, compared
with POST in the Matrigel group. *P < 0.05; †,
compared between PRE and POST. ***P < 0.001, ###P < 0.001, $$P < 0.01, $$$P < 0.001, †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001.