Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate survival analyses for evaluating the influence on GCSS in data from the SEER database
| Variables | 5-year GCSS | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Log-rank χ2 test | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Sex | 3.268 | 0.071 | NI | ||
| Male | 0.266 | ||||
| Female | 0.325 | ||||
| Age | 30.930 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| <60 years | 0.386 | Reference | |||
| ≥60 years | 0.280 | 1.494 (1.291–1.730) | |||
| Race | 5.672 | 0.059 | NI | ||
| White | 0.298 | ||||
| Black | 0.309 | ||||
| Othera | 0.379 | ||||
| Years of diagnosis | 20.073 | <0.001 | 0.314 | ||
| 2004–2007 | 0.256 | Reference | |||
| 2008–2011 | 0.293 | 0.876 (0.730–1.052) | |||
| 2012–2015 | 0.470 | 0.832 (0.641–1.079) | |||
| Histotype | 27.137 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 0.281 | Reference | |||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 0.095 | 2.475 (1.494–4.100) | |||
| Adenosquamous carcinoma | 0.269 | 0.964 (0.696–1.334) | |||
| Otherb | 0.406 | 0.777 (0.662–0.911) | |||
| SEER historic stage A | 354.805 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Localized | 0.611 | Reference | |||
| Regional | 0.177 | 2.439 (1.970–3.020) | |||
| Distant | 0.104 | 3.511 (2.803–4.396) | |||
| Grade | 71.964 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| Well/moderate | 0.358 | Reference | |||
| Poor/anaplastic | 0.223 | 1.262 (1.107–1.439) | |||
| Unstaged | 0.450 | 0.910 (0.663–1.250) | |||
| Tumor size (cm) | 70.580 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| <3 | 0.395 | Reference | |||
| 3–5 | 0.263 | 1.171 (1.011–1.356) | |||
| >5 | 0.192 | 1.402 (1.186–1.657) | |||
| TNM | 167.351 | <0.001 | 0.012 | ||
| I/II | 0.649 | Reference | |||
| III/IV | 0.165 | 0.955 (0.633–1.441) | |||
| Unstaged | 0.276 | 1.478 (1.056–2.070) | |||
| T stage | 139.710 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| T1/T2 | 0.477 | Reference | |||
| T3/T4 | 0.112 | 1.655 (1.334–2.053) | |||
| Unstaged | 0.276 | – | |||
| No. of NLNs | 85.325 | <0.001 | 0.006 | ||
| <2 | 0.231 | Reference | |||
| ≥2 | 0.409 | 0.761 (0.627–0.925) | |||
| No. of PLNs | 133.372 | <0.001 | 0.246 | ||
| N0 | 0.533 | Reference | |||
| N1/N2 | 0.142 | 1.164 (0.901–1.503) | |||
| Unstaged | 0.276 | – | |||
| No. of TLNs | 22.057 | <0.001 | 0.035 | ||
| ≤2 | 0.280 | Reference | |||
| >2 | 0.350 | 0.814 (0.673–0.985) | |||
Notes:
Other includes American Indian/Alaskan native, Asian/Pacific Islander, and unknown.
Other cancers includes signet ring, small cell, giant and spindle cell, non-small cell, carcinoma not otherwise specified, undifferentiated, mucinous adenocarcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, and carcinoma, duct, adenocarcinoma with metaplasia, cholangiocarcinoma, neoplasm, and malignant. Data shown as number of patients (%), or median, as indicated.
Abbreviations: GCSS, gallbladder cancer cause-specific survival; NI, not included; NLNs, negative lymph nodes; PLNs, positive lymph nodes; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; TLNs, total regional lymph nodes.