Table 4.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for risk of child maltreatment by ED utilization and demographic characteristics from sensitivity analysis among sub-sample of children with explicit maltreatment diagnosis, Emergency Department Discharge Data, California State Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD), 2008–2013
| Characteristics | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|
| Number of ED visits under four years of age | |
| 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| 2 to 3 | 2.30 (1.44–3.68) |
| 4 or more | 4.18 (1.98–8.84) |
| Sex | |
| Female (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Male | 0.92 (0.61–1.38) |
| Race/Ethnicitya | |
| White (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Black or African American | 1.29 (0.69–2.34) |
| Hispanic | 0.54 (0.33–0.88) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander/Other | 0.42 (0.18–0.98) |
| Insurance Typea | |
| Private insurance (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Public insurance/Uninsured | 1.30 (0.79–2.15) |
| Area of residency | |
| Urban (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Rural | 1.29 (0.85–1.97) |
aSome subgroups were combined in the sensitivity analysis due to small sample size