Table 2.
Microvesicle characteristics according to type of parental cell.
| Type of cell releasing microvesicles | Size (nm) | MV-specific antigens | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood cells | Platelets | 100–1000 | a. Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb, CD42b), b. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa, αIIbβ3, CD41a), c. P-selectin (CD62P), d. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1, CD31), e. Integrin β1 (CD63). |
(18) |
| Erythrocytes | < 1000 | a. Glycophorin A (GYPA, CD235a), b. Glycophorin B (GYPB, CD235b), c. Blood group antigens (RH, KEL, JK, FY, LE, LU). |
(65) | |
| Neutrophils | < 1000 | a. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8, CD66b), b. L-selectin (CD62L), c. Myeloperoxidase (MPO). |
(66) | |
| T lymphocyte | < 1000 | a. CD3. | (67) | |
| B lymphocyte | < 1000 | a. CD19. | (67) | |
| Monocytes | < 1000 | a. CD14. b. Tissue factor (TF). |
(63) | |
| Central nervous system cells | Glia | 300–1000 | a. P2Y12, b. CD45. |
(68) |
| < 1000 | a. GFAP, b. Glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), c. TF. |
(69) | ||
| Neurons | < 1000 | a. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), b. Na+/K+ ATPase α3, c. TF. |
(69) | |
| Dendritic cells | 170 (mean) | a. Alpha-actinin 4 (ACTN4). | (70) | |
| Adipocytes | 30–500 | a. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), b. Adiponectin, c. Perilipin A/B. |
(71) | |
| Endothelial cells | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) | 100–1500 | a. E-selectin (CD62E), b. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1, CD54), c. PECAM-1, d. Integrin αvβ3. e. TF, f. Thrombomodulin (TM, CD141). |
(72) |
| Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) | < 1000 | a. Endoglin (CD105), b. ICAM-1, c. VCAM-1, d. MHC class I and II, e. CD40, f. Inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL, CD275). |
(73) | |
| Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) | < 1000 | a. ICAM-1, b. Integrin α4, c. Integrin β1 (CD29), d. CD44. |
(74) | |
| Hepatocytes | 100–1000 | a. Maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), b. Ceruloplasmin precursor, c. Amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (AOC3), d. Apolipoprotein E precursor, e. Vitamin D-binding protein precursor, f. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, soluble (IDH1), g. Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), h. Vanin-1 (VNN1), i. Transforming growth factor, beta-induced (TGFBI). |
(75) | |