Fig. 2.

Regional effects of opioidergic agents on neural function. Summarizes primary findings for selected brain regions from fMRI studies involving manipulation of the opioid system. OFC orbitofrontal cortex, INS insula, HIP hippocampus, AMY amygdala, ACC anterior cingulate, IFG inferior frontal gyrus, THA thalamus, STR striatum, MBN midbrain, SMT sensorimotor, OUD opioid use disorder, HC healthy control, NS no results. Based on data reported in refs [43, 46, 47, 52, 64, 70, 85, 89–91, 93–98, 100]. For studies including multiple conditions, e.g., ref. [89], results reported for neutral or resting state conditions were used for figure generation (see Supplemental Table 1 for details). Refer to Tables 1–4 of the primary manuscript for additional summaries of study findings