Fold changes of the 383 genes that were differentially expressed in S. haematobium infection, by host sex. Among the 383 genes that were differentially expressed between those with and without S. haematobium infection with a Padj of <0.05, the median absolute fold change in gene expression was significantly higher in females than in males (0.39 versus 0.69, P < 0.0001, as determined by Wilcoxon rank sum test). The boxplot includes the median (dark horizontal line) and interquartile range (box), with error bars representing 1.5 times the interquartile range or the minimum/maximum value.