Periodic change of MRI and BPA–PET in Case 3. The upper panel (A-1 to A-5) shows FLAIR MRI studies. The middle panel (B-1 to B-5) shows Gd-T1 MRI studies. The lower panel (C-1 to C-3) shows F-BPA–PET studies. The lesion to normal brain (L/N) ratio of the enhanced tumor is 5.0 (C-1), 2.2 (C-2), and 1.7 (C-3). A-1, B-1, and C-1; prior to BNCT. A-2, B-2, and C-2; 7 months after BNCT. A-3, B-3, and C-3; 13 months after BNCT. A-4 and B-4; 26.5 months after BNCT. A-5 and B-5; 33 months after BNCT. This is the representative tumor recurrence appeared in this treatment regimen. BV treatment can control the BRN but even after BNCT some tumor recurred. The tumor recurrence with the maintenance BV treatments seems to be aggressive as reported.41–43)