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. 2018 Jun 5;27(12):1809–1824. doi: 10.1177/0963689718773363

Table 1.

Summary of studies concerning transplantation of commonly used stem cell types for ICH treatment.

Stem cells types References Animal/human studies Sample size Routes of administration Time of administration (post ICH) Number of cells Efficacy (behavioral recovery) Earliest effective time (post ICH)
TSCs ESCs Nonaka et al.47 Rat Sham: 5; treatment: 10 Intraventricular 7 days 105 NA NA
PSCs MSCs BM-MSCs Cui et al.32 Rat Control: 15; treatment: 15 Intravenous 1 and 24 hours 5 × 106 Decreased the NSS scores 3 days
Chang et al.36 Human Control: 8; treatment: 7 Intra-cavity 2 and 3 weeks 1.8 × 108 Decreased the NIHSS, mRS scores and increased the mBI scores 3 months
Wang et al.24 Rat Sham: 12; control: 24; treatment: 24 Intravenous NA 1 × 106 Decreased the mNSS and MLPT scores 14 days
Sun et al.82 Mouse NA Intranasal 3 and 7 days 1 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores; improvement in the adhesive removal, rotarod and open field tests 14 days
Zhu et al.119 Human Control: 96; treatment: 110 Intracerebral, intrathecal 5.5 days and 4 weeks NA Decreased the NIHSS scores and Rankin Scale; increased the Barthel scores 6 months
Chen et al.25 Rat NA Intravenous 2 hours 5 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores 3 days
Vaquero et al.78 Rat Control: 20; treatment: 20 Intracerebral 2 months 5 × 106 Improved in rotarod test and VTB tests 4 months
Bao et al.93 Rat Control: 67; treatment: 65 Intracerebral 24 hours 2 × 105 Decreased the mNSS scores 3 days
Liang et al.27 Rat Sham: 8; control: 16; treatment:16 Intracerebral 24 hours 1 × 106 Decreased the MLPT scores and improved in the vibrissae-elicited forelimb-placing test 7 days
Wang et al.95 Rat Control: 6; treatment:6 Intravenous 1 hour 1 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores 7 days
Otero et al.90 Rat Control: 48; treatment: 48 Intracerebral 2 hours 2 × 106 NA NA
Yang et al.31 Rat Control: 10; treatment:20 Intracerebral 3 days 5 × 105 Decreased the mNSS scores 7 days
Bhasin et al.120–122 Human Control: 1; treatment:2 Intravenous 9.6 months 5–6 × 107 Decreased the Ashworth Tone Grade Scale scores; increased the mBI scores, FM scores and MRC grade, but no statistical difference 11.6 months
Otero et al.87 Rat Control: 10; treatment: 10 Intracerebral 2 months 5 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores; improved in the rotarod and VTB tests, and locomotor activity 3 months
Feng et al.33 Monkey Control: 8; treatment:16 Intracerebral 1 week or 4 weeks 1–5 × 106 Decreased the neurologic deficit scores 2 or 5 weeks
Otero et al.26 Rat Control: 10; treatment:10 Intracerebral 3 days 2 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores and improved in the rotarod test 3 weeks
Seyfried et al.30 Rat Control: 9; treatment:18 Intravenous 24 hours 0.5–1 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores and improved in corner-turn test 7 days
Seyfried et al.29 Rat Control: 18; treatment :18 intra-arterial 24 hours 1 × 106 Decreased the mNSS scores and improved in corner-turn test 7 days
Nagai et al.22 Mouse Control: 4; treatment: 14 Intracerebral 7 days 2 × 105 Improved in rotarod test 8 days
Seyfried et al.28 Rat Control: 27; treatment: 27 Intracerebral 24 hours 3, 5 and 8 × 106 Decreased mNSS scores and improvement in corner-turn test 7 days
Zhang et al.80 Rat Blank: 5; sham: 20; control: 20; treatment: 60 Intra-arterial, intravenous and intraventricular 1, 3, 5 and 7 days 2 × 106 Improvement in the beam-walking test (except the intravenous group) 24 hours
HUC-MSCs Xie et al.34 Rat Sham: 10; control: 16; treatment: 36 Intracerebral, intravenous NA 2 × 105 (IC), 2 × 106 (IV) Decreased mNSS scores 7 days
Chang et al.36 Human Control: 8; treatment: 9 Intra-cavity 2 and 3 weeks 1.8 × 108 Decreased NIHSS, mRS scores and increased mBI scores 3 months
Zhang et al.37 Rat Control: 60; treatment: 60 Intracerebral 6 hours 1 × 105 Decreased mNSS scores 24 hours
Nan et al.35 Rat NA Intravenous 24 hours 2.4–3.2 × 106 Improvement in limb-placement, stepping and body-swing tests 7 days
ADMSCs Chen et al.40 Rat Control: 40; treatment: 40 Intraventricular 2 days 2–4 × 105 Improvement in Zea Longa 5-grade scale 3 days
Yang et al.41 Rat Control: 6; treatment: 9 Intravenous 24 hours 1 × 106 Decreased mNSS scores 7 days
Kim et al.42 Rat Control: 16; treatment: 16 Intravenous 24 hours 3 × 106 Decreased MLPT scores 28 days
HSCs NA*
NSCs Gao et al.98 Rat Sham: 20; control: 48; treatment: 26 Intracerebral 3 hours 5 × 105 Decrease the mNSS scores 3 days
Wakai et al.62 Mouse NA Intracerebral 3 days 1 × 105 Improve in cylinder and corner-turn tests 21 days
Xue et al.123 Human Control: 20; treatment: 20 Intrathecal 1 week, twice per week, a total of four times 4 × 108 Decrease the NIHSS scores 2 weeks
Wang et al.61 Rat Control: 26; treatment: 13 Intracerebral 3 days 1 × 106 Decrease the MLPT scores 24 days
Lee et al.63 Mouse Control: 28; treatment: 61 Intracerebral 7 days 2 × 105 Improve in rotarod test and decrease the MLPT scores 8 days
Lee et al.65 Mouse Control: 20; treatment: 18 Intracerebral 7 days 2 × 105 Improve in rotarod test and decrease the MLPT scores 5 weeks
Lee et al.64 Mouse Control: 18; treatment: 39 Intracerebral 7 days 2 × 105 Improve in rotarod test and decrease the MLPT scores 8 days
Lee et al.99 Rat Sham: 30; control: 30; treatment: 120 Intravenous, intracerebral 2 or 24 hours 5 × 106 (IV), 1 × 106 (IC) Decrease the MLPT scores 24 hours
Lee et al.60 Mouse Control: 30; treatment: 31 intracerebral 7 days 2 × 105 Improve in rotarod test and decrease the MLPT scores 21 days
Lee et al.66 Mouse Control: 20; treatment: 50 intracerebral 7 days 2 × 105 Improve in rotarod test and decrease the MLPT scores 8 days
Li et al.88 Rat Control: 8; treatment: 40 intra-arterial 2, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days 4 × 106 Improve in rotarod,beam walking,limb placing and spontaneous cycling tests 28 days
An et al.110 Rat NA Intracerebral 3 days 3 × 106 NA NA
Jeong et al.59 Rat Control: 13; treatment: 12 Intravenous 24 hours 5 × 106 Improve in rotarod test and decrease the MLPT scores 14 days
iPSCs Qin et al.75 Rat Sham: 30; control: 63; treatment: 59 Intracerebral 6 hours 1 × 106 Decrease the MLPT scores 14 days
Qin et al.73 Rat NA Intracerebral 24 hours 2 × 106 Decrease the mNSS and MLPT scores 14 days
Qin et al.74 Rat Sham: 12; control: 24; treatment: 12 Intracerebral 24 hours 1 × 106 Decrease the mNSS and MLPT scores 14 days

* There are no reports on directly-administered HSCs for ICH treatment.

ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; TSCs: totipotent stem cells; ESCs: embryonic stem cells; PSCs: pluripotent stem cells; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; NSCs: neural stem cells; iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; BM-MSCs: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; HUC-MSCs: human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells; ADMSCs: adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; IV: intravenous; IC: intracerebral; NA: not available; NSS: Neurological Severity Score; mNSS: modified NSS; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS: modified Rankin Scale (mRS); mBI: modified Barthel; MLPT: modified limb-placing test; VTB: video-tracking box; FM: Fugl Meyer; MRC: Medical Research Council.