Table 1.
Emerging roles of ncRNAs on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in AIS.
| NcRNAs | Targets | Mechanisms | Function of ncRNAs | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-146a | TRAF6, IRAK1 | Activate NF-κB in cerebral vasculature | Promote neuroinflammation | Zhang et al.27 |
| miR-155 | TLR4, SOCS1 and MyD88 | Promote TNF-α and IL-1β expression | Promote neuroinflammation | Wen et al.29 |
| miR-9 | NF-κB | Inhibit NF-κB, p65, TNF-α and IL-1β expression | Inhibit neuroinflammation | Liu et al.30 |
| lncRNAC2dat1 | CaMKIIδ | Activation of NF-κB signaling pathway | Promote neuroinflammation | Xu et al.31 |
| lncRNA ANRIL | VEGF | Enhance phosphorylation of IκB | Promote neuroinflammation | Zhang et al.32 |
| lncRNA Gm4419 | IκB, NF-κB | Increase the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α | Promote neuroinflammation | Wen et al.33 |
| miR-23a-3p | – | Reduce NO and 3-NT, increase MnSOD | Attenuate oxidative stress | Zhao et al.39 |
| miR-424 | Nrf2 | Decrease LDH leakage and MDA level, promote MnSOD activity | Inhibit oxidative stress | Liu et al.40 |
| miR-106b-5p | Mcl-1, Bcl-2 | Reduce LDH release and elevate SOD activity, decrease MDA content | Inhibit oxidative stress | Li et al.41 |
AIS: acute ischemic stroke, ncRNA, non-coding RNA; miRNA, microRNA; lncRNA, long non-coding RNA; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6; IRAK1, receptor-associated kinase-1; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; SOCS1, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alfa; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B; CaMKIIδ, Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Delta; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IκB, κB inhibitor; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NO, nitric oxide; MDA, malondialdehyde; MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase; 3-NT, 3-nitrotyrosine; Mcl-1, myeloid cell leukemia-1; Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma-2.