Table 4.
The Effect of Youth Violent Victimization on the Rate of (a) Dating Debut and (b) Progression to First Union (Cox Regression Models)
| (a) Dating Debut
|
(b) Progression to First Union
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | (SE) | HR | b | (SE) | HR | |
| Youth Violent Victimization | .215**d | (.064) | 1.240 | .377***e | (.099) | 1.458 |
| Youth Violent Victimization x Time | −.004* | (.002) | .996 | −.007*** | (.001) | .993 |
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Agea | .056*** | (.014) | 1.058 | .069*** | (.016) | 1.071 |
| Female | .144*** | (.038) | 1.155 | .315*** | (.040) | 1.370 |
| Race/Ethnicityb | ||||||
| Black | −.033 | (.052) | .968 | −.348*** | (.069) | .706 |
| Hispanic | −.008 | (.055) | .992 | −.171* | (.071) | .843 |
| Asian | −.202** | (.062) | .817 | −.281 | (.145) | .755 |
| Other Race | .011 | (.107) | 1.011 | −.019 | (.157) | .982 |
| Immigrant | .040 | (.068) | 1.040 | .097 | (.102) | 1.102 |
| Urban | −.044 | (.041) | .957 | −.150* | (.059) | .861 |
| Family SES | −.011 | (.007) | .989 | −.067*** | (.007) | .935 |
| Family Structurec | ||||||
| Single Parent | −.049 | (.040) | 1.001 | .116* | (.052) | 1.123 |
| Step-parent | .158** | (.053) | 1.171 | .207*** | (.058) | 1.230 |
| Other Arrangement | .092 | (.108) | 1.096 | .282* | (.136) | 1.326 |
| Parental Supervision | ||||||
| Parental Autonomy | .059*** | (.015) | 1.061 | .002 | (.016) | 1.002 |
| Lie to Parents | .054 | (.041) | 1.055 | .064 | (.058) | 1.066 |
| Disposition | ||||||
| Pubertal Development | .075*** | (.015) | 1.077 | −.033 | (.017) | .968 |
| College Expectations | .119** | (.035) | 1.126 | −.085*** | (.024) | .919 |
| Marital Expectations | .064** | (.018) | 1.066 | .002 | (.021) | 1.002 |
| Deviant Behavior | ||||||
| Violent Perpetration | −.013 | (.021) | .987 | .055* | (.027) | 1.057 |
| Nonviolent Delinquency | .146 | (.075) | 1.158 | .049 | (.076) | 1.051 |
| Alcohol Use Frequency | .117*** | (.016) | 1.124 | .003 | (.017) | 1.003 |
| Childhood Abuse | ||||||
| Physical Abuse | .056* | (.044) | 1.058 | .041 | (.044) | 1.042 |
| Sexual Abuse | .136 | (.083) | 1.145 | .208** | (.078) | 1.231 |
| Number of Interviews | .639*** | (.031) | 1.895 | .370*** | (.047) | 1.447 |
| N of Eventsf | 6,976 | 4,715 | ||||
| N of Respondentsf | 8,738 | 6,976 | ||||
Source: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994 to 2008.
Note: b = hazard coefficient; hazard ratio (HR) = exp(b); SE = standard error; SES = socioeconomic status. Estimates are weighted and adjusted for complex survey design.
Centered at age 16.
Non-Hispanic White is the reference.
Two biological parents is the reference.
Joint effects of YVV and YVV x time are statistically significant (Wald χ2, F (2,120.9) = 5.38, p = .0058).
Joint effects of YVV and YVV x time are statistically significant (Wald χ2, F (2,125.9) = 10.92, p = .0000).
Unweighted N.
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001 (two-tailed tests).