Table A-1.

Descriptive statistics on the characteristics of all older adults in the sample

	Means or proportions	Standard deviation	Min	Max
Older-adult self-rated health	2.31	0.77	1	4
Children’s migration status
Did not migrate	0.86	0.35	0	1
Migrated	0.14	0.35	0	1
By child’s duration
Children away in one wave	0.09	0.29	0	1
Children away in two or more waves	0.04	0.20	0	1
By child’s gender
Son’s migration	0.09	0.32	0	1
Daughter’s migration	0.02	0.15	0	1
Migration of both genders	0.04	0.19	0	1
Returned from migration	0.07	0.25	0	1
Older-adult demographics
Age	67.83	7.39	55	101
Female	0.52	0.50	0	1
No education	0.67	0.47	0	1
Primary school	0.19	0.39	0	1
Middle school or higher	0.13	0.34	0	1
Older-adult living arrangement
Spouse present in household	0.77	0.42	0	1
Live with adult children	0.51	0.50	0	1
Live with preschool children	0.16	0.37	0	1
Older-adult health behaviors
Smoke	0.28	0.45	0	1
Drink	0.28	0.45	0	1
Older-adult resources
Have insurance	0.23	0.42	0	1
Household asset index	4.11	3.09	0	17
Logged household income in the last year+1	7.82	1.38	0	12
Older-adult location
Northeast region	0.06	0.24	0	1
East region	0.23	0.42	0	1
Inland	0.71	0.45	0	1
N	3,983