Table 4.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of each behavioral problem and candidate variables
| Variable | Internalizing problem | P value | Externalizing problem | P value | Total problem | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noise sensitivity | 1.35 (1.15–1.6) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.09–1.52) | 0.004 | 1.37 (1.13–1.65) | 0.001 | ||||
| Noise level (Ldn) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.652 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.138 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 0.024 | ||||
| Age | 0.92 (0.75–1.14) | 0.461 | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 0.047 | 1.2 (0.94–1.54) | 0.146 | ||||
| Sex | 0.81 (0.43–1.54) | 0.526 | 1.31 (0.66–2.60) | 0.446 | 0.8 (0.38–1.68) | 0.554 | ||||
| Monthly income | 0.59 (0.29–1.17) | 0.131 | 0.77 (0.36–1.64) | 0.503 | 0.58 (0.26–1.26) | 0.168 | ||||
| Low birth weight | 0.69 (0.09–5.22) | 0.723 | NA | NA | 0.95 (0.13–7.25) | 0.964 | ||||
| Premature birth | 0.61 (0.08–4.54) | 0.627 | 2.26 (0.66–7.75) | 0.195 | 1.78 (0.41–7.82) | 0.443 | ||||
| Maternal age at birth | 0.99 (0.9–1.09) | 0.835 | 0.95 (0.86–1.04) | 0.256 | 0.9 (0.81–0.99) | 0.033 | ||||
| Passive smoking | 3.16 (1.55–6.46) | 0.002 | 1.96 (0.87–4.42) | 0.107 | 3.06 (1.35–6.93) | 0.007 | ||||
| Maternal illness during pregnancy | ||||||||||
| Diabetes | 1.71 (0.22–13.35) | 0.61 | NA | NA | 2.3 (0.29–18.14) | 0.429 | ||||
| Hypertension | 3.44 (0.41–28.74) | 0.253 | 3.77 (0.45–31.54) | 0.221 | 4.64 (0.55–39.05) | 0.158 | ||||
| Preeclmasia | 3.77 (1.07–13.3) | 0.039 | 1.18 (0.15–9) | 0.875 | 1.45 (0.19–11.15) | 0.721 | ||||
| Mental disorders | ||||||||||
| ADHD | 6.29 (1.7–23.32) | 0.006 | 10.41 (3.13–34.6) | <0.001 | 8.64 (2.29–32.54) | 0.001 | ||||
| Specific learning disorder | 3.41 (0.41–28.41) | 0.258 | 3.73 (0.45–31.18) | 0.225 | NA | NA | ||||
| Communication disorder | NA | NA | 2 (0.25–15.71) | 0.512 | NA | NA | ||||
| Intellectual disability | NA | NA | 8.76 (0.89–86.46) | 0.063 | NA | NA | ||||
| Autism spectrum disorder | NA | NA | 13.15 (1.16–148.72) | 0.037 | NA | NA | ||||
| Tic disorder | 3.75 (0.82–17.28) | 0.089 | 4.12 (0.89–19.03) | 0.07 | 2.28 (0.29–17.98) | 0.434 | ||||
| Depression | NA | NA | 8.76 (0.89–86.46) | 0.063 | NA | NA | ||||
| Conduct disorder | 8 (0.81–78.81) | 0.075 | 27.13 (3.7–198.73) | 0.001 | 10.78 (1.09–107) | 0.042 | ||||
ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist, CI = confidence interval, Ldn = day–night equivalent level, NS = noise sensitivity, OR = odds ratio.