Table 1.
Particiant characteristics by cogntion groups.
| Characteristic | Normal (n = 271) | Low MoCA only (n = 252) | MCI (n = 105) | AD (n = 182) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waking wear time (min/day) | 959.5 ± 74.1 | 945.6 ± 82.5 | 959.3 ± 119.2 | 942.7 ± 88.9 | 0.106 |
| Age (years) | 81.9 ± 3.5 | 83.4 ± 4.0 | 83.6 ± 3.7 | 80.8 ± 5.9 | <0.001 |
| Female | 104 (38.2%) | 120 (47.6%) | 51 (48.6%) | 121 (65.4%) | <0.001 |
| HK-MoCA score | 24.4 ± 2.4 | 19.1 ± 3.1 | 18.1 ± 3 | 13.1 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
| Years of education | 8.7 ± 4.9 | 6.3 ± 4.8 | 4.5 ± 4.4 | 5.3 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.7 ± 3.4 | 23.4 ± 3.2 | 23.3 ± 3.3 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 0.529 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 0.88 ± 0.21 | 0.78 ± 0.21 | 0.77 ± 0.19 | 0.71 ± 0.21 | <0.001 |
| Disease burden | 0.070 | ||||
| 0 | 71 (26.2%) | 64 (25.4%) | 25 (23.8%) | 41 (22.5%) | |
| 1 | 128 (47.2%) | 114 (45.2%) | 47 (44.8%) | 67 (36.8%) | |
| 2+ | 72 (26.6%) | 74 (29.4%) | 33 (31.4%) | 74 (40.7%) | |
| Living status | <0.001 | ||||
| Alone | 43 (15.9%) | 30 (11.9%) | 15 (14.9%) | 12 (6.6%) | |
| With families | 193 (71.2%) | 165 (65.5%) | 81 (77.1%) | 152 (83.5%) | |
| With maids | 35 (12.9%) | 53 (21%) | 9 (8.6%) | 15 (8.2%) | |
| In elderly home | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (1.6%) |
Note: Data are shown as mean ± SD or N (%). MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; AD = Alzheimer’s disease.
*
p Value of ANOVA for continuous variables and chi-square for categorical variables.