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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Stimul. 2018 Sep 21;12(1):9–18. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.09.013

Figure 5. VNS reduces anxiety.

Figure 5.

Rats were given one non-contingent train of VNS or sham stimulation in their home cage. Ten minutes later, they were removed from their home cage and placed on the elevated plus maze (EPM). VNS-treated rats spent significantly more time in the open arms of the EPM when compared to sham-treated rats (p=2.1×10−3), indicating a VNS-induced reduction in anxiety. The percent of time spent moving during EPM testing was similar between groups, indicating no general locomotor effect.