Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression of risk factors for viroiogicai failure (viral load ≥ 400 copies/ml) after 12 months of ART.
| Characteristics | Total | Virological Failures n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <40 | 673 | 109 (16.2%) | 0.96(0.69–1.36) | 0.833 | 0.99 (0.68–1.44) | 0.964 |
| ≥40 | 397 | 66 (16.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 189 | 28 (14.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 881 | 147 (16.7%) | 1.15 (0.74–1.79) | 0.528 | 1.04 (0.62–1.75) | 0.886 |
| Education level | ||||||
| ≥ Middle school | 688 | 105 (15.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≤ Primary school | 336 | 65 (19.3%) | 1.33(0.95–1.87) | 0.100 | 1.14 (0.76–1.69) | 0.534 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Minority | 410 | 91 (22.2%) | 1.93(1.38–2.68) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.33–2.88) | 0.001 |
| Han | 620 | 80 (12.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Employment status | ||||||
| Employed | 342 | 33 (9.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Unemployed | 692 | 137 (19.8%) | 2.31 (1.54–3.46) | <0.001 | 1.64 (1.05–2.56) | 0.030 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married/cohabitating | 626 | 84 (13.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Single/divorced/widowed | 436 | 90 (20.6%) | 1.68(1.21–2.33) | 0.002 | 1.63 (1.13–2.35) | 0.009 |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||||||
| Baseline CD4 count (cells/μL) | ||||||
| 200–350 | 455 | 86 (18.9%) | 1.38(1.00–1.91) | 0.053 | 1.36 (0.94–1.95) | 0.103 |
| <200 | 615 | 89 (14.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Baseline Hemoglobin (g/dL) | ||||||
| ≥120 | 775 | 130 (16.8%) | 1.19(0.81–1.74) | 0.372 | 1.12 (0.72–1.74) | 0.630 |
| <120 | 283 | 41 (14.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Treatment Regimen | ||||||
| AZT/D4T + 3TC + EFV | 642 | 96 (15%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| AZT/D4T + 3TC + NVP | 238 | 40 (16.8%) | 1.15 (0.77–1.72) | 0.500 | 1.05 (0.66–1.66) | 0.830 |
| Other | 190 | 39 (20.5%) | 1.47(0.97–2.22) | 0.068 | 1.13 (0.71–1.80) | 0.601 |
| Structural and Behavioral Characteristics | ||||||
| Level of treatment facility | ||||||
| Provincial/city | 195 | 25 (12.8%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Prefecture | 493 | 101 (20.5%) | 1.75(1.09–2.81) | 0.020 | 1.19 (0.60–2.36) | 0.626 |
| County/district | 382 | 49 (12.8%) | 1.00(0.60–1.68) | 0.998 | 0.56 (0.26–1.19) | 0.130 |
| Type of treatment facility | ||||||
| Infectious disease hospital | 393 | 47 (12%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| General hospital | 551 | 93 (16.9%) | 1.49(1.02–2.18) | 0.037 | 1.31 (0.75–2.28) | 0.346 |
| CDC clinic | 126 | 35 (27.8%) | 2.83(1.73–4.64) | <0.001 | 2.53 (1.30–4.94) | 0.006 |
| Drug use status | ||||||
| Abstinent drug use | 536 | 66(12.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| MMT | 211 | 43 (20.4%) | 1.82(1.19–2.78) | 0.005 | 1.65 (1.02–2.66) | 0.040 |
| Active drug use | 323 | 66 (20.4%) | 1.83(1.26–2.66) | 0.002 | 1.68 (1.10–2.57) | 0.017 |
OR: odds ratio, CI: 95% confidence interval.