Table 1.
Study characteristics and the patient characteristics in the included studies
| Study | Publication year | Patients' country | Design | Total sample size | HFrEF | HFmrEF | HFpEF | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Age (years) | % men | Number | Age (years) | % men | Number | Age (years) | % men | |||||
| Lam et al. | 2018 | New Zealand and Singapore | Prospective cohort | 2039 | 1209 | 62.1 ± 13.2 | 83 | 256 | 65.8 ± 12.7 | 69 | 574 | 71.5 ± 11.8 | 52 |
| Hamatani et al. | 2018 | Japan | Retrospective cohort | 1792 | 860 | — | — | 318 | — | — | 614 | — | — |
| Guisado‐Espartero et al. | 2018 | Spain | Prospective cohort | 2735 | 808 | 79 (72–84) | 62 | 281 | 80 (74–84) | 58 | 1664 | 81 (76–86) | 37 |
| Vedin et al. | 2017 | Sweden | Retrospective cohort | 42 789 | 23 805 | — | 70 | 9225 | — | 64 | 9957 | — | 45 |
| Shah et al. | 2017 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 39 982 | 18 398 | 79 (73–85) | 59 | 3285 | 81 (74–86) | 49 | 18 299 | 82 (75–87) | 33 |
| Rickenbacher et al. | 2017 | Switzerland | Retrospective cohort | 622 | 402 | 75.5 ± 7.5 | 67 | 108 | 79 ± 6.8 | 53 | 112 | 80.2 ± 7.1 | 35 |
| Pascual‐Figal et al. | 2017 | Spain | Retrospective cohort | 3446 | 2351 | 64.4 ± 12.3 | 76.8 | 460 | 66.7 ± 12.1 | 73 | 635 | 72.1 ± 12.2 | 42.8 |
| Margolis et al. | 2017 | Israel | Prospective cohort | 2243 | 215 | 67 ± 15 | 78 | 858 | 62 ± 13 | 79 | 1013 | 60 ± 12 | 81 |
| Choi et al. | 2018 | Korea | Prospective cohort | 5625 | 3182 | — | — | 875 | — | — | 1357 | — | — |
| Koh et al. | 2017 | Sweden | Retrospective cohort | 42 061 | 23 402 | 72 ± 12 | 71 | 9019 | 74 ± 12 | 60 | 9640 | 77 ± 11 | 45 |
| Gomez‐Otero et al. | 2017 | Spain | Retrospective cohort | 1420 | 583 | 68.2 ± 12.8 | 76.7 | 227 | 72.5 ± 11.1 | 67 | 610 | 75 ± 10.7 | 46.7 |
| Farré et al. | 2017 | Spain | Prospective cohort | 3580 | 2232 | 66.2 ± 12.5 | 75.7 | 504 | 68.1 ± 12.9 | 66.9 | 844 | 73.5 ± 11.4 | 44 |
| Delepaul et al. | 2017 | France | Prospective cohort | 482 | 258 | 66 ± 12 | 72 | 115 | 69 ± 13 | 72 | 109 | 71 ± 12 | 55 |
| Chioncel et al. | 2017 | 22 countries | Prospective cohort | 9134 | 5460 | 64 ± 12.6 | 78 | 2212 | 64.2 ± 14.2 | 68.5 | 1462 | 68.6 ± 13.7 | 52 |
| Bonsu et al. | 2017 | Ghana | Prospective cohort | 1488 | 354 | 58.9 ± 14.2 | 48.1 | 265 | 60.4 ± 12.7 | 50.2 | 878 | 60.8 ± 14.6 | 43.3 |
| Bhambhani et al. | 2017 | USA | Prospective cohort | 28 820 | 1084 | 70 ± 10 | 64 | 200 | 72 ± 8 | 52 | 811 | 71 ± 9 | 41 |
| Coles et al. | 2015 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 4025 | 940 | 71.4 | 60 | 364 | 74.4 | 45.1 | 1476 | 75.7 | 33 |
| Coles et al. | 2014 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 3604 | 1479 | 73.7 ± 12.8 | 56.5 | 346 | 76.1 ± 11.4 | 45.4 | 1779 | 76.5 ± 11.9 | 33.4 |
| Cheng et al. | 2014 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 40 239 | 15 716 | 79 (72–85) | 60 | 5626 | 81 (74–86) | 49.5 | 18 897 | 82 (75–87) | 32.7 |
| Tsuji et al. | 2017 | Japan | Retrospective cohort | 3480 | 730 | 66.9 ± 12.7 | 76.7 | 596 | 69.0 ± 11.6 | 71.8 | 2154 | 71.7 ± 10.9 | 60.8 |
| Steinberg et al. | 2012 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 110 621 | 55 083 | 70 (58–80) | 64 | 15 184 | 76 (65–84) | 53 | 40 453 | 78 (67–85) | 37 |
| Toma et al. | 2014 | 398 centres across the world | Retrospective cohort | 5687 | 4474 | 64 (54–73) | 71.4 | 674 | 73 (64–81) | 58.9 | 539 | 76 (66–82) | 41.6 |
| Kapoor et al. | 2016 | USA | Retrospective cohort | 99 825 | 48 950 | 69.6 ± 14.2 | 63.2 | 12 819 | 74.4 ± 13.3 | 51.1 | 38 056 | 75.9 ± 13.1 | 34.9 |
| Löfman et al. | 2017 | Sweden | Retrospective cohort | 40 230 | 12 607 | 67 (59–76) | 75 | 2087 | 71 (62–79) | 47.5 | 3908 | 75 (65–82) | 51 |
| Tsutsui et al. | 2001 | Japan | Prospective cohort | 172 | 61 | 67 ± 14 | 71 | 38 | 69 ± 9 | 61 | 73 | 69 ± 16 | 49 |
Numbers are expressed as mean ± SD or median (inter‐quartile range).