Table 1.
Features of laterality disturbances.
Right atrial isomerism | Left atrial isomerism |
---|---|
Bilateral right bronchi | Bilateral left bronchi |
Midline liver | Midline liver |
Asplenia | Polysplenia (often functionally asplenic) |
Malrotation | Malrotation |
Two sinoatrial nodes | Absent sinoatrial node (complete heart block can occur, but more usually an ectopic atrial rhythm) |
By definition total anomalous pulmonary venous connection | Interrupted IVC with azygous continuation |