Table 2.
Active stand results for cases, controls in group 1 (‘normal’ controls matched for age and gender) and controls in group 2 (‘at risk’ non-stroke controls matched for age, gender, anti-hypertensive medication, hypertension).a
| Cases | Control |
Control |
p value |
p value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 1 | Group 2 | ||
| Systolic BP change from baseline, mm Hg: | |||||
| Baseline BP, mean (SD) | 150 (18.3) | 140 (25) | 143 (27.2) | 0.03 | 0.1 |
| 10 s, mean (SD) | −14.1 (18.5) | −31.4 (16.9) | −27.3 (19.6) | 0.0001 | 0.001 |
| 20 s, mean (SD) | 0.7 (22.5) | −9.7 (19.2) | −8.3 (22.5) | 0.008 | 0.03 |
| 30 s, mean (SD) | 1 (19.4) | −5.5 (18.8) | −3.8 (18.3) | 0.07 | 0.2 |
| 40 s, mean (SD) | −0.25 (20) | −5.2 (19.6) | −2.5 (17.5) | 0.2 | 0.55 |
| 50 s, mean (SD) | 1.18 (22.1) | −4.5 (20.3) | −1.67 (16.7) | 0.15 | 0.45 |
| 60 s, mean (SD) | 2.3 (21) | −3 (20) | −1.1 (16.3) | 0.16 | 0.73 |
| 70 s, mean (SD) | 5.3 (20.1) | −2 (20.2) | 1.5 (17.1) | 0.06 | 0.3 |
| 80 s, mean (SD) | 10 (18.4) | 1.6 (21) | 2.5 (17.3) | 0.004 | 0.04 |
| 90 s, mean (SD) | 9.5 (19.5) | −2 (21.7) | 2.3 (16.6) | 0.007 | 0.05 |
| 100 s, mean (SD) | 12.5 (17.8) | −1.7 (21.7) | 3.2 (17.4) | 0.0007 | 0.01 |
| 110 s, mean (SD) | 11.9 (17.9) | −1.8 (22.7) | 2.5 (17.1) | 0.002 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic BP change from baseline, mm Hg | |||||
| Baseline BP. mean (SD) | 75.7 (12.1) | 74 (12.3) | 73.3 (14) | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| 10 s, mean (SD) | −7.5 (14.4) | −19.9 (10.4) | −17.5 (11.7) | <0.0001 | 0.002 |
| 20 s, mean (SD) | 2.25 (12.1) | −8 (11) | −7.22 (10.9) | <0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| 30 s, mean (SD) | 3.1 (13.4) | −3.4 (9) | −2.95 (10.1) | 0.001 | 0.01 |
| 40 s, mean (SD) | 1.7 (11.9) | −2.9 (9.3) | −1.4 (9.2) | 0.02 | 0.13 |
| 50 s, mean (SD) | 2.7 (12.9) | −2.9 (12.9) | −1.08 (8.3) | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| 60 s, mean (SD) | 3.4 (12.7) | −2.1 (8.5) | −0.2 (8.1) | 0.003 | 0.08 |
| 70 s, mean (SD) | 4.5 (12.7) | −1.8 (8.6) | −0.54 (8.5) | 0.001 | 0.02 |
| 80 s, mean (SD) | 6.4 (10.6) | −1.8 (8.9) | −0.36 (8.3) | <0.0001 | 0.0005 |
| 90 s, mean (SD) | 5.6 (12.3) | −2 (9.2) | −0.5 (8.7) | 0.0002 | 0.004 |
| 100 s, mean (SD) | 6.3 (12.4) | −2 (9.4) | −0.2 (9) | 0.0001 | 0.003 |
| 110 s, mean (SD) | 5.1 (12.8) | −1.8 (9.9) | −0.34 (8.4) | 0.001 | 0.01 |
| Heart rate change from baseline, bpm | |||||
| Baseline, mean (SD) | 70 (13.8) | 65 (10.2) | 65 (8.6) | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| 10 s, mean (SD) | 7.1 (12) | 12.6 (6.8) | 12.8 (7.2) | 0.0008 | 0.002 |
| 20 s, mean (SD) | 7.3 (10.5) | 7.8 (7) | 8.8 (5.5) | 0.74 | 0.32 |
| 30 s, mean (SD) | 6.3 (9) | 7 (6.9) | 7.6 (5.5) | 0.65 | 0.36 |
| 40 s, mean (SD) | 6.9 (8.5) | 7.3 (6.8) | 8.7 (6.1) | 0.77 | 0.2 |
| 50 s, mean (SD) | 7.6 (9.9) | 7.9 (6.9) | 9.5 (6.6) | 0.83 | 0.23 |
| 60 s, mean (SD) | 8.7 (7.3) | 8.1 (7.1) | 9.1 (6.3) | 0.65 | 0.78 |
| 70 s, mean (SD) | 8.8 (8.2) | 7 (7) | 8.5 (6.3) | 0.28 | 0.57 |
| 80 s, mean (SD) | 8.8 (8.2) | 7 (7.1) | 7.4 (6.4) | 0.21 | 0.32 |
| 90 s, mean (SD) | 8.3 (8.8) | 6.5 (6.7) | 6.8 (5.8) | 0.21 | 0.29 |
| 100 s, mean (SD) | 9.5 (8) | 6.4 (7) | 6.9 (6) | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| 110 s, mean (SD) | 8.3 (8) | 6.5 (6.5) | 6.7 (5.2) | 0.2 | 0.23 |
a
Values reflect change in systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate in response to active stand. Positive integers represent values above the baseline.