Table 4.
Explorative analyses of medication classes that are correlated with antibiotic prescribinga
| Risk factor — type of medicines (BNF category) | Change in rate of antibiotics (95% CI)b over 5th to 95th percentiles in risk factorc | |
|---|---|---|
| NHS-DPPD, crude (95% CI) | CPRD, crude (95% CI) | |
| Proton pump inhibitors (1.3.5) | 316.0 (307.5 to 324.5) | 406.1 (365.4 to 446.8) |
| Renin–angiotensin system drugs (2.5.5) | 287.1 (277.7 to 296.5) | 312.7 (263.2 to 362.3) |
| Antiplatelet drugs (2.9) | 283.2 (273.9 to 292.6) | 346.4 (300.1 to 392.7) |
| Drugs used in nausea and vertigo (4.6) | 335.6 (326.7 to 344.5) | 258.9 (220.8 to 297.0) |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (4.3.3) | 332.6 (323.7 to 341.4) | 402.7 (363.2 to 442.2) |
| Corticosteroids (respiratory) (3.2) | 323.4 (314.3 to 332.5) | 263.2 (214.4 to 311.9) |
| Antispasmodic and other drugs altering gut motility (1.2) | 301.3 (291.4 to 311.2) | 299.0 (253.8 to 344.1) |
| Glucocorticoid therapy (6.3.2) | 322.0 (312.8 to 331.3) | 158.3 (110.5 to 206.1) |
| Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs (2.4) | 301.1 (292.1 to 310.1) | 363.0 (317.5 to 408.5) |
| Lipid-regulating drugs (2.12) | 287.9 (278.6 to 297.1) | 189.2 (138.7 to 239.7) |
a
Table shows the top 10 largest associations in NHS-DPPD, with corresponding results in CPRD.
b
Per 1000 patients per year.
c
Change in rate of antibiotic prescribing comparing practices in lower (5th) with higher (95th) percentiles of the risk factor. BNF = British National Formulary. CPRD = Clinical Practice Research Datalink. DPPD = digital practice prescribing data. IQR = interquartile range.