Fig 3. Isoflurane produces age- and region-dependent changes in CCL2 expression.

Mice were anesthetized as described and CCL2 measured by RT-PCR. CCL2 was upregulated transiently in both regions in young mice after anesthesia (panels A & C). In old mice, however, isoflurane had no effect in the cortex (D) but persistently decreased CCL2 in the hippocampus (panel B). Data expressed as mean ± SD; N = 5 animals per treatment condition. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001 relative to age-matched controls by 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test.