Table 2. TNFα, CCL2 and IL-10 gene expression in the hippocampus of control 3 m old (young) and 20 m old (aged) mice.

Gene	Young (3 mo)	Aged (20 mo)
TNFα	1 ± 0.53	4.49 ± 1.27*** These appear to be correct for mouse beta actin. Unclear if these are the sequences that were used in the pPCR at this time.
CCL2	1 ± 0.28	2.56 ± 1.69***
IL-10	1 ± 0.42	0.49 ± 0.43*

Expression of the proinflammatory genes TNFα and CCL2 was substantially higher in old compared to young mice and expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was lower. Data expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed using a Student’s t-test. N = 5–6 animals per treatment condition.

* p<0.05 and

*** p<0.001.