Table 2. RIAS categories in this study.

Cluster	Categories
Relationship building	Personal remarks, Social conversation, Remediation, Partnership statements, Self-disclosure statement
Positive talk	Laughing, Telling jokes, Showing approval-direct, Giving compliments-general, Showing agreement or understanding, Back-channel responses
Negative talk	Showing disapproval-direct, Criticizing-general
Emotional expression	Empathizing statements, Legitimizing statements, Showing concern or worry, Reassurance, Encouragement or showing optimism, Asking for reassurance
Facilitative behaviors	Giving orientation, Instructing, Paraphrasing/checking for understanding, Asking for understanding, Requesting repetition, Asking for opinions, Asking for permission, Transition words, Requesting services or medication
Counseling/direction	Counseling or direction about any topic
Medical data gathering	Open or Cclosed questions regarding medical conditions or therapeutic regimen
Psychosocial data gathering	Open or closed questions regarding psychosocial or lifestyle issues
Dental data gathering	Open or closed questions regarding current dental history a or past dental history a
Data gathering about other issues	Open or closed questions about other issues
Medical information giving	Information giving about medical conditions or therapeutic regimen
Psychosocial information giving	Information giving about psychosocial or lifestyle issues
Dental information giving	Information giving about current dental historya or past dental historya
Information giving about other issues	Information giving about other issues

^a New category.