Table 3.
Diagnostic characteristics of the risk scores for the composite outcome among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
| Risk scores | Cut-off point | No. of patients (%) | SN/SP | PPV/NPV | +LR/-LR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEWS+L | 3 | 34 (6.4) | 100.0/7.2 | 11.9/100 | 1.08/- |
| 4 | 92 (17.4) | 98.3/19.3 | 13.2/98.9 | 1.22/0.09 | |
| 5 | 171 (32.3) | 96.6/35.9 | 15.9/98.8 | 1.51/0.09 | |
| PERS | 0 | 56 (10.6) | 94.9/11.3 | 11.8/94.6 | 1.07/0.45 |
| GBS | 0 | 13 (2.5) | 98.3/2.6 | 11.2/92.3 | 1.01/0.67 |
| AIMS65 | 0 | 159 (30.0) | 91.5/32.7 | 14.6/96.9 | 1.36/0.26 |
The cut-off points were chosen to identify the low-risk patient group. Composite outcome of in-hospital death, intensive care unit admission, and red blood cell transfusions requiring ≥5 packs within 24 hours.
SN, sensitivity; SP, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; +LR, positive likelihood ratio; -LR, negative likelihood ratio; NEWS+L, National Early Warning Score+Lactate; PERS, pre-endoscopic Rockall score; GBS, Glasgow-Blatchford score; AIMS65, albumin, international normalized ratio, altered mental status, systolic blood pressure, age older than 65 years score.